axotemia

AZOTEMIA

is a clinical condition characterized by abnormally high levels of nitrogenous compounds in the blood, such as urea, creatinine, cellular metabolic debris, and various and etc.

CLASSIFICATION

- Prerenal azotemia: is caused by a decrease in the expulsive volume of the heart, resulting in hypoperfusion of the blood towards the kidneys.

- Renal azotemia: (from acute kidney failure) typically leads to uremia. It is an intrinsic alteration of the kidney, generally as a result of parenchymal kidney damage.

- Postrenal azotemia: Blockage of urinary flow in an area distal to the kidneys can result in this. It can be caused by congenital abnormalities such as vesicoureteral than reflux, blockage of the ureters due to kidney stones.

SYMPTOMS

Acute renal failure

Acute kidney injury

Loss of energy

Not wanting to participate in your usual activities

Loss of appetite

Fluid retention

Nausea and vomiting

CAUSES

The primary cause of azotemia is a loss of kidney function. Others:

When fluid flowing through the kidneys isn’t enough to remove the nitrogen (prerenal azotemia)

When the urinary tract is obstructed by something or by a rupture (postrenal azotemia)

Infection or disease (intrinsic azotemia)

Heart failure

Complications of diabetes

Some medications

Advanced age

History of renal difficulties

Heat exposure

Severe burns

Dehydration

Lowered blood volume

Some surgeries

Injury to the kidney

TREATMENT

Dialysis

Delivery of the baby in the case of pregnancy

Early treatment of postrenal azotemia

Treatment of the underlying condition or disease

Intravenous fluids

Medications

Changes to your eating habits

EPIDEMIOLOGY

There are 200 x 1,000,000 cases/ year of azotemia due to acute kidney injury.

DIAGNOSIS

➔ BUN: Creatinine ratio.

➔ Urine and blood tests to check sodium, urea and creatinine levels and monitor kidney function.

➔ Glomerular filtration rate.

Maeva Játiva A.

7mo "A"