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HEART MURMURS

Heart murmurs are whistling sounds produced by accelerated and turbulent blood flow in the heart, these sounds can be heard with the stethoscope.

Heart murmurs can be present at birth (congenital) or develop later in life (acquired).

ETIOLOGY

INNOCENT MURMUR: Any murmur produced by a normal cardiovascular system.

PATHOLOGICAL MURMURS: Abnormal hemodynamic conditions with or without structural pathology

EPIDEMIOLOGY

It is considered that about 50% of children outside the neonatal period, which is from birth to week 4 of life, have a heart murmur throughout their lives.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

A heart murmur is caused by rapid, turbulent blood flow through the heart. A heart murmur may happen: • When the heart is filling with blood (diastolic murmur) • When the heart is emptying (systolic murmur) • Throughout the heartbeat (continuous murmur)

SYMPTOMS

•Chest pain •Cough that doesn't go away •Dizziness •Hepatomegaly: enlargement of the liver beyond its normal size •Jugular distention: swollen neck veins •Fainting

COMPLICATIONS

Complications of a heart murmur can be retrograde, and can cause secondary pulmonary hypertension, as well as pulmonary edema and edema in the lower limbs and abdomen.

DORIAN MARTÍNEZ 7º "C"