Research Instruments

Research Instruments

Questionnaires

Types

- Mail Surveys

- Group-Administered

-Door-to-Door

- Surveys

- Web-Based

Types of Questions

- Closed-ended

- Multiple-choice

- Open.ended

Procedure

- Lideal length

- Pilot: Test to identify errors

Interviews

Data analysis

Goup responses to facilitate comparison between respondents

NU.DIST and NVIVO for analyzing qualitative datar

Advantage: deep and detalled understanding

Disadvantage: Complex and requires specialized tools

Content Analysis

Types

- Conceptual analysis

- Relational analysis

Stages:

-For conceptual analysis: Identification of themes or keywords

- For relational analysis: Exploration of how concepts connect

- Final stage: Interpretation of results

Focus Groups

Observation

Advantages: Synergy, accumulation, stimulation, safety and Spontaneity

Disadvantages: Member influence, social pressure, participant selection can affect the quality of the discussion

Key stages: Establishing the group, developing, questions and conducting the session

Planning: Context, actors, and activities

Structured: Involves recounting specific events and behaviors

Descriptive: Recording details and meanings of interactions

Framework: Use key questions: who, what, when, where, why and how.