topic 2 & 3

World War One and The Russian Revolution

CONFLICTS SCALATE

Between Great Brittany, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia there were agreements and tensions to defend their economic and territorial interests.

CAUSES OF THE WAR

The war marked the end of French hegemony in continental Europe and resulted in the creation of a unified Germany.

Tension between Great Powers announced the War at the beginning of 20th century.

In 1913, Balkan League managed to defeat Ottoman Empire in their territory, because of that Austria-Hungary and Russia continued their expansion and dominance over that region.

In the middle of the second decade of the century, the countries were prepared for the war. For many countries, that was the «only solution». Consequently, Austria-Hungary declared war to Serbia.

FOUR YEARS OF BLOODY WAR

On August 4, 1914, German troops crossed the border into Belgium. World War I, the Germans assaulted the heavily fortified city of Liege, using the most powerful weapons in their arsenal to capture the city.

At the outbreak of fighting in 1914, the United States remained on the sidelines of World War

In 1915, Germany declared the waters surrounding the British Isles to be a war zone, and German Uboats sunk several commercial and passenger vessels, including some U. merchant ships the following month, and on April 2 Woodrow Wilson appeared before Congress and called for a declaration of war against Germany.

A NEW GREAT POWER

politicians to retreat from the world and return to a policy of isolationism. This retreat also undermined the League of Nations and the emerging new political order.

THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

Russia was a huge empire of 170 million of inhabitants of many nationalities. Tsar Nicholas II. Their involvement in the war would soon prove disastrous for the Russian Empire. Militarily, imperial Russia was no match for industrialized Germany, and Russian casualties were greater than those sustained by any nation in any previous war.

Food and fuel shortages plagued Russia as inflation mounted. In 1917, a strike in Petrograd summoned the uprising against the Tsar, who threw him out of power.

Petrograd garrison joined the revolts; Tsar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate

By 1917 the bond between the tsar and most of the Russian people had been broken. The Russian Empire’s many ethnic minorities grew increasingly restive under Russian domination. Between March and October the Provisional Government was reorganized four times. The first government was composed entirely of liberal ministers, with the exception of the F. .

By autumn the Bolshevik program of «peace, land, and bread» had won the party considerable support. On October 24–25 the Bolsheviks and Left Socialist Revolutionaries staged a nearly bloodless coup, occupying government buildings, telegraph stations, and other strategic points. Kerensky’s attempt to organize resistance proved futile, and he fled the country. In 1918, at the end of WWI, the government enacted a new constitution and moved the capital to Moscow.

They changed the economic policy and established the dictatorship of the proletariat as a government foundation and Unique Communist Political Party.

Since 1918, «White movement» supported by the Europeans Powers and sought to overthrow the

In 1919, Poles were expelled from Russia, but the country was devastated. In 1922, Bolsheviks created a Federal State . He had a government with a lot of repression, promoted collective land ownership, nationalized all companies and a stage agency . The state controlled all media as a press, cinema, radio, posters, etc. He achieved the economic success of modernizing and industrializing the country.