The Renaissance and the Reformation in English history

English History pt.2

Processes

Historical figures

Will be divided in

The Renaissance

The reformation

The war of roses

Wich are

If there is a red coloured entry on the process side, it will represent a historical figure of that process

Context

Early XVIIth century

Extreme power of the Catholic church

Limited access to liturgy

Martin Luther (1483-1546)

German priest

Author of the 95 theses

Indulgences sold

HUMANISM

Inspired by

Jean Calvin, Ulrich Zwingli, William Tyndale, etc.

Protesting against the church and spreading their ideas

Took action by

Establishing 2 principles

Sola fide: Only the faith of the individual can effect his or her salvation

Sola scriptura: only the scriptures have religious authority and not the church clerics

The separation of the catholic church

Confrontations between crowns and the church

The counter-reform

Artistic and literary movement based in recently discovered classical texts and artifacts from ancient Greece and Rome

the main developments of this period were

Printing press: it allowed the fast reproduction of texts, incluiding the Bible. The knowledge was democratized.

Art: development of realistic techniques in art, which gave origin to realism. The object of the works was no longer god, but the human

Literature (the most relevant in England): Athors started to write about humanist themes and returned to the classical ideals of tragedy and comedy. Themes like human agency, life’s non-religious meanings and the true nature of man were treated

Its consequences were

Was

Conflict between the houses of Lancaster (red rose) and the house of York (white rose) for the crown of England. It took place in the XVth century.

Main battles

Battle of St. Albans (1455)

Battle of Wakefield (1460​)

Battle of Towton 1461

Battle of Tewkesbury (1471)

Battle of Bosworth Field​

Important historical figures

House of York

House of Lancaster

Henry IV

​Henry V

​Henry VI ​

Edward of Westminster ​

Henry Tudor (Henry VII)

Richard of York

Edward IV

Richard III

Elizabeth of York

Henry Tudor marries Elizabeth of York, finishing the war.

King Edward III​

Richard II​

The black prince Edward

Henry VII

Son

Wifes

Jane Seymour

Catherine Howard

Anne Boleyn

Catherine Howard

Anne of Cleves

Catherine of Aragón

When he divorced her, he was excomulgated

He founded his own church: the Anglican church

considered nowadays the most influent queen that England has ever had

Elizabeth I

Daughter

Edward VI

Son

Obsessed with having a male son

Founder of the Royal Navy

Received humanist education

His reign ( 1558-1603) is remarkable considering the sexism that existed at that time, and for which he had many problems

Elizabethan period has been said to represent the most brilliant century of all

Some of the best intellectuals of this time were

Sir Thomas More

Ben Jonson

Francis Bacon

William Shakespeare

Some of the best intellectuals of this time were