Process-oriented text reception

Process-oriented text reception

Process-oriented approach

Development of receptive competences

Working with texts in stages

Learner uses three phases

No

Pre-, while- and post-reading/ listening/ viewing tasks

Yes

Facilitate interaction between learner and text

Learners use pre-reading/-listening/-viewingactivities

They prepare, activate knowledge, incorporate experiences.

Yes

They have to use

No

While-reading/-listening/-viewing activities

It guarantees text comprehension, promotes meaning creation, personal reactions.

Post-reading/-listening/-viewing activities

Learners are able to refer back to their personal impressions and observations.