Motivation (2.4)

Motivation (2.4)

1. Motivation theories

   • Frederick Winslow Taylor- principal object is to secure the maximum prosperity for the employer
     • -Management is a science
       • Scientific Management- systematic study of workflows that breaks down tasks.
     • Study, break down the task and then teaching the worker
     • Positive response= more money for their work
     • Finding the right person
   • Abraham Maslow- humans have deficiency needs and being needs (hierarchical)
     • Love and belongingness needs
     • Safety needs- having stability
     • Physiological needs- shelter, food, clothing
   • Herzberg "hierarchy of needs"
     • Hygiene Needs- demotivational
     • Motivational needs- satisfaction
   • Adams- equity theory
     • Inputs- what the employees perceive as help or treats
     • Outputs- what the employees receive in exchange or want to achieve with a change or improvement
   • Pink
     • Autonomy- freedom of employees to create a suitable work environment
     • Mastery- the opportunity to master or show a skill by setting goals
     • Purpose- stablishing a goal or thinking a job is helping other people

2. Financial motivational tools

   • Salary- annual sum of monthly payments
   • Wages- payments is based on the number of units they make
   • Wages (time)- payment based on hours worked per week
   • Commission- reward system where the salesman gets paid a % of the total sale
   • Profit-related pay- the employee receives gets a % of the total company sale
   • Performance-related pay- the employee receives a bonus for reaching objectives
   • Employee share ownership schemes- the employees receive shares of the company as a reward sometimes discounted
   • Perks payments- rewards apart form the salary (material or financial)

3. Non-finantial motivational tools

   • Job enrichment- employees are given added tasks that require skills
   • Job rotation- when employees change jobs to learn new tasks for a period of time
   • Job enlargement.- when tasks are added to an employees job description
   • Empowerment- giving employees greater responsibility
   • Teamwork- effort of a group working together to achieve a goal

4. Culture and Motivation

   • Appreciate the different cultures and their values
   • Both type of reward will be accepted in all cultures if they are adapted
   • Globalisation has an impact
   • There a re pros and cons of a strategy and depending on the region the manager has to evaluate them