Mindmap
Ground Improvement Techniques
Inhalt der Mindmap
Ground Improvement Techniques
Why
- Fit for engineering purpose
- Avoid cracking
- effective loads
- behaviour of soil
- Fit for engineering purpose
What can we change
- Strength
- Extend to which soil resists deformation in response to an applied force
- Shear box test
- Triaxial test
- Compressibility
- Volume decreases
- Settlement
- Hydraulic properties
- Change the rate of flow of water
- Problematic Behaviour
- Excessive swelling/shrinkage
- London clay
- Excessive swelling/shrinkage
- Effects the ecosystem
- Factors effecting choice
- Economics
- Soil type
- Area, depth and location
- Desired soil properties
- Availability of materials
- Environmental concerns
- Time
- Experience and skill
- Strength
Non-intrusive
- without addition of material
- EK
- electrode array
- electroosmotic array
- anodes = reinforcement array
- cathodes = drainage array
- electroosmotic array
- geosynethetic types
- geotextile
- geodrains
- electrokinetic geosynethetic
- geonets
- geocomposites
- geogrids
- geocells
- geomats
- geospacers
- geostrips
- geofoam
- fibres
- geomembranes
- synthetic clay liners
- geopipes
- functions
- barrier
- drainage
- filtration
- protection
- reinforcement
- seperation
- erosion control
- electrode array
- Microbial remediation
- surface compaction
- thermal treatment
- EK
- without addition of material
Intrusive
- without adding material
- shallow densifaction
- smooth vibrating drum roller
- sheepsfoot
- Pneumatic tyre roller
- combination rollers
- grid rollers
- impact rollers
- small portable compactors
- deep densifaction
- blasting
- explosive compaction
- vibro-densifaction
- vibro-compaction
- water
- vibro-replacement
- water
- vibro-displacement
- air
- vibro-concrete columns
- vibro-compaction
- deep dynamic compaction
- rapid impact compaction
- blasting
- shallow densifaction
- adding external material
- stone columns
- grouting
- compensation
- control or reverse settlement
- cement
- expands fractures
- TAM
- corrective
- Physical method
- Placing infill into subsurface voids
- permeation grouting
- chemical method
- solidify granular ground so that it can carry an increased load
- control water flow
- disposal of hazardous waste
- landfill
- tunnel through water bearing granular material
- compensation
- lime stabilisation
- reactive
- reaction occurs immeditely
- 2-8% lime added
- double diffused layer
- flocculated
- higher compressibility
- higher peak strength
- less ductile
- less swell potential
- flocculated
- methods
- surface mixing
- deep mixing
- lime slurry pressure injection
- lime piles
- reactive
- tar
- physical process
- binding asphalt and soil
- physical process
- cement
- acts as a binder
- ideal for well graded soils
- ineffective in cohesive soils
- offers
- increased compressive strength
- increased shear strength
- increase tensile strength
- increased stiffness
- resistance against freeze/thaw
- expansive soils
- acts as a binder
- providing reinforcement
- ground anchors
- soil nailing
- benefits
- 20-50%
- suited to sloping terrian
- immune to earthquakes
- sustainable
- Element facing
- Full height facing face
- Wrap around facing
- construction
- reinforcement in line with compressive plane causes failure
- creep
- failure modes
- overall slope instability
- sliding failure
- overturning failure
- rupture of connections
- rupture of facing element
- rupture/pullout of reinforcement
- sliding between planes
- sliding along reinforcement
- benefits
- reinforced geosynthetics
- without adding material
methods
- Mechanical
- physical manipulation of the earth materials to increase soil density
- short term external forces
- surface compaction
- deep compaction
- Physical/Chemical
- thermal treatment
- Heat
- not used today
- burning petroleum products
- high temp causes drying effects by evaporation of water
- cause physical reaction in clay
- decreases compressibilty
- reduces plasticity
- reduces swelling potential
- increases strength
- Ground Freezing
- temporary measure
- unpleasant work
- dangerous
- expensive
- convert pore water pressure to ice
- ice acts as a glue to bond together soil blocks
- increase bearing capacity and strength
- all soils with sufficient water can be frozen
- types
- open system
- expandable refrigerant system
- liquid nitrogen passed through copper tubes
- rapid freezing
- costly as coolant is lost
- expandable refrigerant system
- closed system
- circulating coolant system
- cool brine
- 5-10 times slower freezing
- cheaper
- circulating coolant system
- open system
- problems
- stress strain properties
- long term stability
- increased soil volume
- large displacements
- comprehensive modelling required
- safety
- Heat
- mixing additives
- bio-stabilization
- thermal treatment
- hydraulic modification
- lowing the water table
- deep excavations
- shallow water table
- dry working space
- lower lateral earth pressures
- lower upwards force - seepage
- reduce seepage to prevent erosion
- Passive: Drains
- slope stability
- roadways
- Active: Pumps
- filtering
- stop groundwater carrying away particles
- geotextile
- lowing the water table
- Reinforcement
- Improve tensile strength
- Soil nailing
- Vegetation
- Mechanical
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Mindmap am Ground Improvement Techniques, erstellt von Daisy Ronn am 14/01/2018.
- Erstellt von
- Daisy Ronn
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