The Progressive Era

The Progressive Era

1. Working Conditions - states passed legislation helpful to labor, such as laws establishing a minimum wage for women, maximum work hours, and workmen's compensation, and abolishing child labor and convict leasing.

2. Immigrant Living Conditions - Immigrants were forced to live in crowded tenements with poor conditions, sanitary reform: improve public health and social health conditions of tenements

3. Big Business - government intervened in the economy, breaking up trusts, and regulating railroads and other industries. Learn how government worked to curb the power of unregulated big business and provide tariff and banking reforms.

4. Racial Discrimination - Although the African American fight to end discrimination did not lead to immediate changes in legislation, several changes did take place that impacted African Americans.Organizations such as the Niagara Movement, NACW, NAACP, NUL all resulted in building stronger African-American communities by providing healthcare, housing, and educational services.

5. Theodore Roosevelt - In the 1940s typically historians saw the Progressive Era as a prelude to the New Deal and dated it from 1901 (when Roosevelt became president) to the start of World War I in 1914 or 1917. Historians have moved back in time emphasizing the Progressive reformers at the municipal and state levels in the 1890s.

6. Sherman Antitrust - . The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 was the first measure passed by the U.S. Congress to prohibit trusts. Several states had passed similar laws, but they were limited to intrastate businesses.

7. Clayton Antitrust Act - protect trade and commerce against unlawful restraints and monopolies, revised the 1890 Sherman Antitrust Act and banned monopolistic practices by business.

8. Meat Inspection Act -that prohibited the sale of adulterated or misbranded livestock and derived products as food and ensured that livestock were slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions.

9. Pure Food and Drug Act - preventing the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated or misbranded or poisonous or deleterious foods, drugs, medicines, and liquors, and for regulating traffic therein, and for other purposes.

10. Hull House - organizations that provided support services to the urban poor and European immigrants, often including education, healthcare, childcare, and employment resources

11. 19th Amendment - The 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, guaranteeing women the right to vote, is passed by Congress and sent to the states for ratification. The women's suffrage movement was founded in the mid-19th century by women who had become politically active through their work in the abolitionist and temperance movements.

12. National Wildlife Refuges - Added 2.7 million acres to by Taft.

13. NAACP - The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People tried to solve the dilemma of race within the framework of ideological ideas of the Progressive Era.

14. Tuskegee Institute - founded by Booker T. Washing in 1881 under a charter from the Alabama legislature for the purpose of training teachers in Alabama.

15. Upton Sinclair - The Jungle. The Jungle is a 1906 novel written by the American journalist and novelist Upton Sinclair (1878–1968) His primary purpose in describing the meat industry and its working conditions was to advance socialism in the United States.

16. Jane Addams - a Progressive reformer and the most prominent advocate for the settlement house movement, which was dedicated to improving social conditions for immigrants and other residents of urban slums.

17. Jacob Riis - crusaded for the establishment of settlement houses, public parks and playgrounds, and other reforms to improve the lives of those in New York City's slums.

18. National American Suffrage Assoc. - was formed on February 18, 1890 to work for women's suffrage in the United States. It was created by the merger of two existing organizations

19. Alice Paul -an American suffragist, feminist, and women's rights activist, and one of the main leaders and strategists of the campaign for the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which prohibits sex discrimination in the right to vote.

20. John Muir - In response to these threats, a complex environmental movement emerged, supported by President Theodore Roosevelt. John Muir, founder of the Sierra Club, advocated preservation of natural resources from use

21. Gifford Pinchot - Pinchot served as the first Chief of the United States Forest Service

22. Act Woodrow Wilson - Former governor of New Jersey; supported regulating big business and cleaning up machine politics

23. Booker T. Washington - black leader in the Progressive Era, fighting against racism for blacks. He was a dominant leader, and he also had the advantage of getting the presidents on his side.

24. William Howard Taft - 27th President of the United States, became increasingly progressive in the later years of his presidency, after Taft took office, he hewed closer to the conservative wing of the party and this and other actions alienated Roosevelt from his former friend.

25. Environmentalism - Conservation was the first nationwide political movement in American history, highly effective Progressive Era movement was distinct from earlier conservation efforts and later environmentalist reforms.

26. Women's Rights - women and women's organizations not only worked to gain the right to vote, they also worked for broad-based economic and political equality and for social reforms.