chemistry

chemistry

1. Atom

   • the smallest component of an element
     • characterized by sharing of the chemical properties of the element and a nucleus with neutrons, protons and electrons.
       • proton: subatomic particle found in the nucleus of every atom. Positive charge
       • Neutron: subatomic particle found in the nucleus of atoms that differs from other subatomic particles. No charge. (nutral)
       • Electrons: the smallest of the particles that make up an atom, they carry a negative charge.
       • Isotope: a form of a chemical element whose atomic nucleus contains a specific number of neutrons, in addition to the num. of protons that defines an element.
     • Rutherford: is consider an analogy of the solar system. nucleus- protons, neutrons. outside- electrons
   • ion: an electrically charged atom or a group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of 1 or more atoms.
     • Monatomic: an ion consisting of a single atom.
       • Polyatomic: ion that contains more than one atom.
     • Cation: an atom or molecule with a positive charge.
       • Anion: atom or molecule with a negative charge.
   • Molecule: group of atoms bonded together, representing a chemical compound.
     • Diatomic: molecules composed of only 2 atoms.
       • Polyatomic: composed of 3 atoms or more.
   • Dalton: all matter is made of atoms. atoms are indestructible.
     • Bohr: he discovered that electrons were in levels.
   • thomson: atoms are fromed by 3 particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. "pudding"

2. Compound: substance formed when 2 or more chemical elements that are bonded together.

   • ionic: bonds form when the total energy is of the bonded atoms is lower than the energy of the separate atoms.
     • Covalent: Formed by the sharing of one or more electron pair between 2 atoms.

3. mixture: contains 2 or more substances that are not chemically combined

4. Pure substance: made of only type of atom or only one type of molecule.

5. Physical change: any change that occurs without altering the chemical compound.

   • Chemical Change: chemical reaction involving rearrangement of atoms.

6. Element: a substance that can't be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.

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