Science

Science

1. Why is it needed?

   • Think critically
   • Protect society as open, democratic and free
   • There are many global problems
     • Future depends on how well humans use science and technology
       • Sciene can help in
         • Developing effective solutions for global problems
         • Fostering intelligent respect nature
         • Thinking critically
         • Assesing the use and repercutions of technologies

2. Naure of the world

   • Understandable
     • Events occur in comprhensible patterns
     • Humans with the help of instruments can understand patterns
     • Basic rules are eveywhere the same
   • Scientific ideas can change
     • Science produce knowledge
       • Depends on observation and theories
         • New observations may challenge previous ones
           • Truth can be approached little by little
   • Knowledge is durable
     • Scientists accept uncertainity
     • Ideas become more precise and widely accepted
   • Science do not provide complete answers to all questions

3. Scientific inquiry

   • Not fixed steps but always
     • Need of evidence
       • Getting accurate data
       • Observations in natural settings and contrived ones
       • Senses and instruments are used
       • Passive observations, make collections and probe the world
       • Conditions can be controlled
         • Impractical
         • Unethical
         • Disort natural phenomena
     • Blend of logic and imagination
       • Work with data and hypothesis
       • Formulating and testing hypothesis
       • It is a creative process
       • Sometimes unexpected discoveries
     • To explain and to predict
       • Make sense of observations
         • By explaining them
           • Creating theories
       • Validation by observation
       • Predictive power
     • To identify and avoid bias
       • Ask evidence support
       • As alert aspossibleto bias
       • Have many investigators
     • Not authoritarism
       • Not scientist is empowered to say what is true
       • Theories are judged by results

4. How is organized and conducted

   • Collection of all the different fields
     • They differ in many ways but are equally scientific
       • They do not always match
       • They evolve and can break into subdisciplines
   • Universities, industries and goverment form part
     • University- Knowledge by its own shake
     • Industries- practical ends
   • Private foundations

5. Ethical principles

   • Peer review
   • Sometimes findings are falsified
     • Condemmed
   • Possible harm
     • Informed consent

6. Enterprise

   • Individual, social and institutional dimensions
   • Main featuresof contemporrary world

7. Complex social activity

   • Many people doing different kinds of work
   • Reflects socialvalues and viewpoints
   • Influenced by culture
   • Priorities for funding
   • Dissemination is crucial

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