The Sea

The Sea

1. Wave Depositional

   • Beach.
     • Formed by deposition of mud, sand or pebbles along the coast.
   • Spit.
     • A narrow ridge of sand joined to the mainland with the other end terminating in the sea
   • Bar.
     • A ridge of material (usally sand) lying parallel to the coast.
   • Tombolo.
     • A ridge joining an island to the mainland.

2. Wave Erosional

   • Cave
     • A natural underground chamber in a hillside or cliff.
   • Arch
     • An arch forms after a cave. It forms because when the water bestroys the back of the cave it becomes an arch.
   • Stack
     • A stack forms when the top of the arch is to heavey and it colapses.Then there will be like a tall colum in the sea.
   • Stump
     • The water continues to eat the rock at then the top part colapses untiil astup is left. Which is the tip of the rock showing at the surface.

3. Costal Managment

   • The Sea
   • Hard Engineering
     • Sea Walls
       • Often bulit in front of seasides resorts.
       • Very expensive.
       • They aim to completly block the wavesand their effects.
       • Life span of approximatly 75 years.
       • Can cause the erosion of the beach in front of them.
       • Socially reassuring for residents
     • Groynes
       • Wooden fences built at right angles to the coastlines.
       • They aim to stop the movment of material along the beach due to longshore drift
       • Their primary intension is to build up the amount of sand on the beach.
       • They have a life span of approximatly 25 years
     • Rock Armour
       • Large boulders, of 10 tons or more, are used as a sea wall.
       • The gaps between the rocks allow water trough, which means that the energy of the waves is dissipated wery effectively.
       • It is improtant that the boulders are big enough to withstand being eroded by themselfsand and therefore becomng part of the costal system.
   • Soft Engineering.
     • Beach Replenishment
       • Sand is either brought in from elsewher, or transported back alonga beach, usally once a yer.
       • This is done using trucks thus it is very costly
       • In Malta - Bajja ta San Gorg - sand improted from Jordan Desert, Pretty Bay and Bugibba Manmde Beach
   • Disadvantage Of Costal Managment.
     • Coast
       • Most of the solutions detailed are very costly, and in many places questions are being asked as to whether they are worth the money
     • Problems Of Disrupting The Natural Coastal System
       • Whenever you temper with the nature there are going to be knock on effects, which could, in time, become worse than the original problem.
       • Coasltal defence strategies are often much localized, and can cause problems further down the coast . One such example could be seen where groynesare used to trap sediment. Further down the coast there could be a reduction in the mount of material available to protect the coast there.

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