MOTIVATION

MOTIVATION

1. DEFINITION

   • Human beings universally have needs or drives that are more or less innate and their intensity is environmentally conditioned
   • DESIRES AND NEEDS in human organisms
     • AUSUBEL, 1968
     • the need for EXPLORATION
       • To see "the other side of the mountain", to probe the unknown.
     • the need for MANIPULATION
       • To operate on the environment causing change 
     • the need for ACTIVITY
       • Need for movement, physical and mental
     • the need for STIMULATION
       • The need to be estimulated by the environment , bu other people(ideas, thoughts, feeling)
     • the need for KNOWLEDGE
       • The need to internalize the results of exploration, manipulation, activity and estimulation, to resolve problems and contradictions and for self-consistent systems of knowledge
     • the need for EGO ENHANCEMENT
       • For the self to be known and accepted by other

2. SOURCES

   • Internal or Intrinsic motivatiom
     • Motivation that comes from the inside: -Enjoyment for the learning process -Desire to feel better
     • Curiosity
       • Students´ natural curiosity or interest is usually  shown initially, when they start learning.
   • External or extrinsic motivation
     • Motivation that comes from the outside: -the need to pass an exam -financial reward -future travel
     • The goal
       • -What they are learning for, e.g. a forthcoming exam -Desire to communicate in English. -Desire to understand English.language websites, etc-Desire to get a better job
     • The society
       • How important is the learning of the language considered in the society we live in. Cultural images associated with the language. Attitudes and views of the language learning.
     • The people
       • We are influenced by the people around us: parents, siblings, peers.
     • ASPECTS
       • Aspects which TEACHERS should  take into account   to build, foster and mantain  motivation in our students.
       • Affect
         • Students stay motivated as far as they feel the teachers cares about and has interest in them. Their self-steem is likely to be nurtured.
       • Achievement
         • Try to ensure students success.Sudents need to feel a sense og achievement. Neither too easy nor difficult goals  to achieve. Appropiate level of challenge.
       • Attitude
         • Students follow teachers with confidence in their professional abilities.
       • Activities
         • Engage the students with the learning process through things they like doing.Different styles for different type of students.
       • Agency
         • -Design tasks were the students are empowered to take a more active rol in the course design .-Allow students  to make decisions-Ownership of the class material. -Let students choose their homework-Writing on the board.Controlling the cd player

3. TYPES

   • Instrumental
     • Motivation to acquire a language to achieve instrumental goals: -furthering a career -reading technical material -translations
   • Integrative
     • Learners are motivated because:  -they wish to integrate themselves within the culture of the second language group-they identify themselves with and become a part of the second language society

4. LEVELS

   • Global
   • Situational
   • Task-oriented

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