Word Meaning

Word Meaning

1. Lexical Semantics

   • Represents the meaning of each word in a sentence
   • Show how meanings of the words are interrelated

2. Grammatical Categories

   • Names
   • Common Nouns
   • Pronouns
   • Logical Words

3. Lexeme

   • An entry in the lexicon including:
     • An orthographic representation
     • A phonological form
     • A symbolic representation or sense
   • Lexical Field
     • Group of lexemes in the same area of knowledge

4. Lexical Relations

   • Homonymy
     • Unrelated senses of the same phonological word
   • Polisemy
     • Different meanings a same word can have
   • Synonymy
     • Different phonological words that have the same or very similar meanings.
   • Antonymy
     • Words with opposite meaning
   • Hyponymy
     • meaning of a more general word
   • Meronymy
     • Describes a part-whole relationship between lexical terms.
   • Member-collection
     • Relationship between the word for a unit and the usual word for a collection of the units.
   • Portion-Mass
     • Relation between a mass noun and the usual unit of measurement or division.

5. Derivational Relations

   • Causative Verbs
     • Used to indicate that some person or thing makes or helps to make something happen.
   • Agentive nouns
     • endings in the written forms –er or –or. These nouns have the meaning “the entity who/which performs the action of the verb.

6. Core Vocabulary

   • Suggested by Morris Swadesh
     • Each language has a core vocabulary that is more resistant to loss or change

7. Universal Lexemes

   • Reductive paraphrase in natural language

8. Natural Semantic Metalanguage

   • A meaning of an expression will be regarded as a paraphrase, framed in semantically simpler terms