Migration 7.1 Contemporary patterns

Migration 7.1 Contemporary patterns

1. International Migration

   • Population change = (births-death) +- International migration
   • figures based on estimates
   • Long term = more than a year
   • Net Migration - difference in immigrants and emigrants
   • Largest migration in Italy, Germany gain. Loss is in Spain and Greece
   • Main reasons - Employment, retirement and family

2. Inter-regional migrant flows

   • people leaving into another country
   • Migration route through Mediterranean
   • Major issue on rescue and border control

3. Intra-regional migrant flows

   • Movement in the EU
   • 1.7m people moved inside EU
   • 2..7m moved from EU to outside EU
   • Freedom of Movement in EU

4. Lee Migration Model

   • Push factors - negative factors to leave
     • Pull factors - percieved advantages to go
   • useful to understand international migration
   • intervening obstacles - things that limit travel eg cost, distance

5. Socio-Economic Development

   • Can contribute to positive growth and stability
   • inequalitites can develop
   • Linked to remittances
   • Human Development Index - life expectancy, education and GDP
   • Remittances are sent hidden to avoid costs
   • Higher HDI = more advances

6. Flow of People, Money + Resources

   • Stability
     • Remittance, new idea and values, helps demographic eg ageing
   • Economic
     • GDP and Tax of host rises, Migrants as consumers, fill skill gaps, remittances
   • Development
     • Skills and knowledge. Create networks of flows and Partner countries through projects as bottom up approach
   • Recognised as important for development by EU + UN
   • Flows of people money and technology
   • Monetary transfers and geographical diffusion of ides and values
   • Attidtudes and behaviours can cross across

7. Conflict

   • Inequalities
     • lose population, brain drain, demographic selectiveness, remittances between families
   • Conflict
     • social conflict, pressure on services, international borders conflict
   • Injustices
     • Vulnerable to human rights, treatment of asylum seekers is bad, access to shelter ect, slavery
   • human rights violation
   • New fences and surveillance
   • Calais Jungle