DYNAMIC ROUTING

DYNAMIC ROUTING

1. Dynamic routing protocols

   • Overview of the dynamic routing protocol
     • Evolución del protocolo de routing dinámico
       • Surgieron nuevos protocolos de routing. El protocolo RIP se actualizó a RIPv2 para hacer lugar al crecimiento en el entorno de red.
     • Dynamic routing protocol components
       • Structures of data
         • They use tables or databases for your operations.
       • Messages from routing protocol
         • They use various types of messages to discover neighboring routers
       • Algorithm
         • It is a finite list of steps that they use to carry out a task
   • Comparison between dynamic and static routing
     • Uses of routing static
       • It facilitates the maintenance
       • Perform routing to and from a network of internal routes
       • Allows access to a single predetermined route
     • Advantages and disadvantages of static routing
       • Advantage
         • Easy to implement in small networks
       • Disadvantages
         • Static configurations It can take a long time
     • Uses of dynamic routing protocols
       • manage the rigorous and slow process of configuration and maintenance
     • Advantages and disadvantages of dynamic routing
       • Disadvantages
         • It is less secure than static routing
       • Advantage
         • They work well in any type of network

2. RIPv2

   • Configuration of the RIP protocol
     • Configuration mode RIP on the router
       • Although the RIP protocol is used very infrequently in modern networks, it is useful as a basis for understanding basic network routing
     • Network announcement
       • To enable RIP routing for a network, use network network address (router configuration mode command) Enter the classful network address for each directly connected network.
     • Verify RIP routing
       • The show ip protocols command shows the parameters of the IPv4 routing protocol currently configured on the router.
     • Enabling and verifying RIPv2
       • RIPv1 routers simply ignore the RIPv2 fields in the route entry.
     • Disable automatic summary
       • RIPv2 automatically summarizes networks at the main network boundaries by default, just like RIPv1
     • Configuration of passive interfaces
       • RIP updates should only be sent over interfaces connected to other routers with RIP enabled
     • Propagate a default route
       • In order for the R1 to reach the Internet, only a static default route is required from the Serial 0/0/1 interface.

3. The routing table

   • parts of an IPv4 route entry
     • Entries in the routing table
       • Although the routing table incorporates classful and classless addressing, the general structure is still constructed based on this classful scheme.
     • Directly connected inputs
       • When an active router interface is configured with an IP address and a subnet mask, two entries are automatically created in the routing table.
     • Remote network entries
       • An entry of the IPv4 routing table is shown on R1 for the route to the remote network 172.16.4.0 on the R3
   • IPv4 routes discovered dynamically
     • Terms of the routing table
       • Final route, Level 1 route, Level 1 main route, Level 2 secondary routes
     • Final route
       • It is an entry of the routing table that contains an IPv4 address of the next hop or an exit interface.
     • Level 1 route
       • It is a route with a subnet mask equal to or less than the class mask of the network address.
     • Primary route1
       • They are level 1 network routes that are divided into subnets. A main route can never be a final route.
     • Secondary route 2
       • It is a route that constitutes a subnet of a classy network address
   • search processes for IPv4 routes
     • Route search process
       • When a packet arrives at a router interface, the router analyzes the IPv4 header, identifies the destination IPv4 address and continue
     • Best route = longest match
       • route of the routing table that contains the most left-end bits that match the destination IPv4 address of the packet.
   • Analysis of an IPv6 routing table
     • IPv6 routing
       • Since IPv6 was designed as a classless protocol, all routes are actually level 1 final routes.
     • Directly connected inputs
       • Origin of the route
       • Directly connected network
       • Administrative distance
       • Metrics
       • Output interface
     • Inputs of remote IPv6 networks
       • Origin of the route
       • Target network
       • Administrative distance
       • Metrics
       • Next jump
       • Output interface