Presupposition

Presupposition

1. 5- Non- factive presupposition:

   • It is an assumption referred to something that is not true. For example, verbs like "dream "imagine“ and "pretend" are used with the presupposition that what follows is not true.
     • Ex: I dream that I was flying (I was not flying)

2. 2- Factive presupposition:

   • Identified by the presence of some verbs such as "know“, "realize“, “be glad”, “be sorry”, “be proud” “be indifferent”, “be sad”, “regret” …etc.
     • Ex: Sorry to do that. (We did that)

3. 3- Lexical presupposition:

   • * In using one word, the speaker can act as if another meaning will be understood. * "stop“, "again“ “still” “arrive”, “begin”, “enter”, “continue”, are taken to presuppose another unstated concept.
     • Ex: Do you still sleep late?(you are sleep late)

4. 4- Structural presupposition:

   • * It is the assumption associated with the use of certain structures. * Wh-question constructions. *The listener perceives that the information presented is necessarily true, or intended as true by the speaker.
     • Ex: When did you go to the class?(you went)

5. 1- Existential presupposition:

   • *Proper Nouns-Noun Phrases-Possessive Construction
     • Ex: Ahmad have work in Dubai next week. (The speaker presupposition that the lister knows aperson named Ahmad)

6. 6- Counterfactual presupposition:

   • It is the assumption that what is presupposed is not only untrue, but is the opposite of what is true, or contrary to facts. A. Conditional Structures. B. An embedded clause after wish ⇒ a complete statement. C. A clause with a modal perfect verb form ⇒ a complete statement.
     • Ex: *A-If I were boy I would go anywhere I want. (I'm not boy). *B-They wish they could take a break. (They cannot take a break now).*C-You could have visited a doctor (you did not visit a doctor)