Salts

Salts

1. Preperation

   • Required
     • Soluble
       • Tritation
         • Soluble salt + Acid
           • - Add measured amount of base to conical flask
             • - Add few drops of indicator
               • - Add small amount of acid from burette until color changes
                 • - Note amount of acid used
                   • - Repeat using same amount of base, but add 1cm³ less acid
                     • - Add acid drop by drop and shake in between until color just changes
                       • - note exact amount of acid used
                         • - Repeat adding measured amount of acid and base without indicator - Evaporation
                           • - Crystallization
                             • - Solid pure salt
       • Insoluble Salt + Acid
         • - Add metal / insoluble substance in excess to acid
           • - All acid has reacted
             • Filtration
               • Filtrate (aq salt)
                 • Evaporation
                   • crystalisation
                     • Pure salt solid

2. Soluble Salts

   • All Group 1, Ammonium salts
   • All nitrates
   • All sulphates except BaSO4, CaSO4, PbSO4
   • All chlorides except AgCl, PbCl2

3. Insoluble Salts

   • All carbonates except Group 1 carbonates, (NH4)CO3
   • All hydroxides except Group 1 hydroxides, NH4OH, Ba(OH)2
   • Ca(OH)2 is slightly soluble
   • AgBr, PbBr2, AgI, PbI2

4. pH Calculations

   • Pure Water
     • 7
   • Formula
     • pH = -log[H+]
     • [H+] [OH-] = 1 x 10 ^ (-14)

5. Ionic Substance