The Acidic Environment

The Acidic Environment

1. Atmosphere and it's acidic oxides of carbon, nitrogen, & sulfur

   • Le Chateller's Principle
   • Formation and effects of acid rain
   • Water solubility of CO2 in water under varies conditions
   • Evidence of increasing atmospheric concentration of oxides
   • Relationship of these non-metals in the periodic table
   • Natural and Industrial sources of sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen

2. Indicators

   • Acidic, Neutral, Basic
   • Soil Testing
   • Indicators identify the range by change in colour

3. Acids in Food and Drink

   • Acids as proton donors
   • Identify pH as a ten fold change
   • Compare relative strengths using pH scale & differences
   • Identify Acids
     • Acetic
     • Citric
     • Hydrochloric
     • Sulfuric

4. Prevalence & Importance of Acids

   • Historical development
     • Lavoisier
     • Davy
     • Arrhenius
   • Bronsted-Lowry Theory of acids and bases
   • Titration and standard solutions
   • Acids and conjugate bases
   • Neutralisation is exothermic

5. Esterification

   • Differences between alkanol & alkanoic
   • Production, occurrence and uses of esters
     • The need for refluxing
   • Purpose of acids in esterification for catalysts