Fungi L1

Fungi L1

1. Eukaryotes

2. Fungal disease - mycoses

   • 5 groups human fungal infections, based on physical, morphological characteristic
     • superficial e.g. black piedra
     • cutaneous e.g. athlete's foot
     • subcutaneous e.g. sporotrichosis, enters thru wound
     • pulmonary/respiratory
     • systemic , true fungi e.g. Blastomycosis

3. 4 main phyla ( below kingdom, above class

   • Zygomycota
   • Ascomycota
   • Basidiomycota
   • Microspordia

4. General characteristics

   • no chlorophyll
     • vegetative body: thallus: undifferentiated
       • mycelium: mass of branching hyphae (tubular filaments)
         • heterotrophic : use reduced organic molecules as C source
         • osmotrophic:soluble nutrients absorbed through cytoplasmic membrane
         • chitin membrane around hyphae , intercalated with gluten
           • chitin: N-acetyl glucosamine
             • glucan: polysaccharide, polymer of glucose

5. Reproduction (Spores)

   • sexual spores-diploid stage: mating and formation by meiosis
   • asexual spores: haploid , spores aid in dissemination of species

6. types of pathogens

   • true (primary) - able to infect healthy hosts
     • causes systemic disease in healthy people, not infectious
     • thermally dimorphic
     • e.g. Histoplasma, Blastomyces
     • symptoms: fever , cough, rash, systemic/pulmonary infection
       • sample collection: sputum (pulmonary)
       • blood , CSF, tissue biopsy (systemic)
   • intermediate - not inherently pathogenic e.g. dermatophytosis
   • opportunistic - invade immunocompromised hosts.g. Candidiasis
     • cause systemic disease
     • can be acquired environmentally or from other patients
     • more contagious than True pathogens

7. Rhizopus stolonifer: bread mould zygomycete

   • asexual reproduction: sporangiospores produced by mitosis in sporangia