ASSESSING WRITING

ASSESSING WRITING

1. Genre of Written Language

   • Academic writing
     • Job-related writing
       • Personal writing

2. Micro and Macro-skill of Writing

   • Micro and macro skills in writing are using grammar that is acceptable, using cohesive devices in written discourse, the ability to express a meaning in different grammatical forms . So, micro and macro skills play an important role in becoming effective writers.
     • Microskills
       • 1. Produce grapheme and orthographic pattern
         • 2. Produce writing at an efficient rate of speed
           • 3. Produce an acceptable core of words
             • 4. Use acceptable grammatical system
               • 5. Express a particular meaning
                 • 6. Use cohesive device in written discourse
     • Macroskills
       • 1. Use rhetorical forms and conventions
         • 2. Appropriately accomplish the communication functions of written text
           • 3. Convey links and connection between events, and communicate relations as main idea, supporting idea, new information, given information, generalization, and exemplification.
             • 4. Distinguish between literal and implied meaning
               • 5. Correctly convey culturally specific references in the context of the written text
                 • 6. Develop and use a battery of writing strategies.

3. Types of Writing Performance

   • The ability to write in a second language is one of the major skills required in academic settings.
     • 1) Imitative
       • Tasks in (Hand) Writing Letters, Words, and Punctuation: 1) Copying, 2) Listening Cloze selection task, 3) Picture Cued Tasks, 4) Form Completion Tasks. 5) Converting numbers and abbreviations to words.
         • Spelling Tasks and Detecting Phoneme-Grapheme Correspondences: 1) Spelling Tests , 2) Picture-cued Tasks, 3) Multiple-choice techniques, 4) Matching Phonetic Symbol.
     • 2) Intensive
       • a) Dictation and Dicto-Comp, b) Grammatical Transformation Tasks, c) Picture Cued Tasks, d) Vocabulary Assessment Task , e) Ordering Task, f) Short Answer and Sentence Completion Task.
     • 3 and 4) Responsive and Extensive Writing
       • Responsive and extensive issues: a) Authenticity, b) Scoring, c) Time
       • a) Paraphrasing
         • b) Guided Question and Answer
           • c) Paragraph Construction Task

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