computer network elements

computer network elements

1. computer network

   • A computer network is a group of computer systems and other computing hardware devices that are linked together through communication channels to facilitate communication within the users.
     • usefulness characteristics
       • Facilitate communication via email, video conferencing, instant messaging, etc.
         • Enable multiple users to share a single hardware device like a printer or scanner
           • Enable file sharing across the network
             • give internet information access to users
     • components
       • servers
         • Computers that hold shared files, programs, and the network operating system.
           • clients
             • Client are computers that access and use the network and shared network resources.
               • transmission media
                 • Transmission Media - Transmission media are the facilities used to interconnect computers in a network, such as twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, and optical fiber cable.
                   • shared Data
                     • Data that file servers provide to clients such as data files
                       • Shared printers and other peripherals
                         • Are hardware resources provided to the users of the network by servers. everything that clients can used such as files.
                           • Network Interface Card
                             • Each computer in a network has a special expansion card called a network interface card (NIC). The NIC
                               • Local Operating System
                                 • A local operating system allows personal computers to access files, print to a local printer, like windows, linux, IOS etc.
                                   • Network Operating System
                                     • It is a program that runs on computers and servers, and allows the computers to communicate over the network.
                                       • Hub
                                         • Its a device that distributes the network to different computers, so is a communication center between the many members of the network system.
                                           • switch
                                             • It is mostly the same as a Hub but It uses physical device addresses in each incoming messages so that it can deliver the message to the right destination or port
                 • coaxial cale
                   • optical fibers
                     • Wireless LAN
                       • They consist of a radio frequency spectrum
                     • They are designed to carry light rays to long distances and at a high speed
                   • It is made of cooper material and cladding material , it is used mostly in businnes coorporation
       • Network topologies
         • what are they?
           • They refer as a visual structure of a network. Physical layout of devices in a specific network
         • sub Divided into large group
           • Point to Point (PTP)
             • Connect two devices directly together
             • Multi point
               • link three or more devices with a single comunication medium
                 • Bus
                 • Ring
                 • Star
                 • Hierachical tree
                 • Hybrid
                 • Free

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