Turbocharger

Turbocharger

1. Turbo or turbocharger is a supercharging system. The turbo is a turbine that acts as a compressor and feeds clean air from the outside at high pressure to the engine, increasing its power. The Turbo takes in air at ambient pressure and compresses it, expelling it at high pressure into the engine.

   • Key components
     • The turbocharger has three main components
       • The turbine, which is almost always a radial inflow turbine (but is almost always a single-stage axial inflow turbine in large Diesel engines)
       • The compressor, which is almost always a centrifugal compressor
       • The center housing/hub rotating assembly
   • Types of turbocharger
     • Fixed turbine turbocharger
       • They are the cheapest and most reliable. They have been used in both diesel (indirect injection) and gasoline engines. As they do not have moving parts, they have a very high response time, that is, they have a very high lag, so it is very difficult for them to start blowing.
     • Variable geometry turbocharger
       • It consists of a turbocharger that has a mechanism of mobile vanes that open and close by varying the speed of the exhaust gases when entering the turbine, depending on the load on the turbine. At a lower exhaust gas flow (low revolutions) the passage between the blades is closed causing the gases to increase the speed when entering the turbine
         • at higher flow (high revolutions) we need more racking so these will open up. This allows us to have a very linear pressure throughout the turbo working regime. In any model diesel engine we can find this type of turbo.
     • Twin Scroll turbocharger
       • They are so called because they have two inlets in the compressor area channeling the air independently to each of the cylinders, due to this operation they make the bi-turbo Twin Scroll compressors very similar.
         • This system is one of the most modern since its performance is very constant in any range of revolutions since they take better advantage of the pressure of the exhaust gases to drive the turbine.
   • Advantages
     • More power
       • Reduces fuel consumption
         • Reduces engine weight and volume
   • Disadvantages
     • Power is reduced at low revs.
       • Turbo maintenance is more specialized
         • Turbo engines require higher quality oil and more frequent oil changes
           • Turbocharged engines are more delicate and require more efficient products for the lubrication and cooling system.

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