Meaning

Meaning

1. Semantics

   • focuses on the literal meanings of words, phrases and sentences
     • it is concerned with how grammatical processes build complex meaning out of simpler ones

2. Pragmatics

   • focuses on the use of language in particular situations
     • it aims to explain how factors outside of language contribute literal meaning and nonliteral meanings
   • how the context of use contributes to semantic meaning?
     • 1.indexicality, context-dependency
       • words whose semantic meaning depend in a direct way on the context
     • 1. anaphora
       • relationship between a word or phrase that picks up its meaning from some other piece of language
   • 2.indexicality and presupposition
     • semantics view meaning from the compositional perspective
       • the meaning of a sentence is built up from the meaning of its parts
   • 2. implicature
     • meaning is ased in the intentions of speakers
       • by cooperative principle
   • 2.speech acts
     • when people use language they are performing an action

3. speaker`s meaning

   • the context of the sentence
   • the meaning of the words
   • phonological and syntactic strucure

4. semantic meaning

   • depends on the context of use
   • meaning of individual words
   • lexicon of English
   • morphological and syntactic structure