Language Fundamentals

Language Fundamentals

1. ASCII & Unicode

   • ASCII represents 128 different letters, numbers, and punctuation
   • Unicode attempts to include all characters in all languages in one set
     • UTF-8: Popular for HTML, most browsers support UTF-8 encoding
     • UTF-16: All commonly used characters fit into single 16-bit code
     • UTF-32: Uses 32 bits for every single character; not a choice for Internet apps

2. Separators

   • Parentheses ()
   • Braces {}
   • Angle Brackets <>
   • Semicolon ;
   • Colon :
   • Comma ,
   • Period .

3. Primitives

   • byte
   • short
   • int
   • long
   • float
   • double
   • char
   • boolean

4. Variables

   • Reference
   • Primitive
   • Constants
     • Variables whose values cannot be changed

5. Literals

   • Primitive Types
     • Integer Literals
     • Floating-Point Literals
     • Boolean Literals
     • Character Literals
   • String literals
   • null literals
   • The source code representation of a value