Chapter 5 - Chemistry

Chapter 5 - Chemistry

1. Shells are numbered 1,2,3,4

   • These numbers are known as PRINCIPAL QUANTUM NUMBERS

2. Simple electronic configurations

3. First ionisation energy

   • Amount of energy needed to remove one electron from each atom in a mole of atoms of a n element in the gaseous state

4. Factors influencing ionisation energies

   • Size of positive nuclear charge
     • Will increase it
   • Distance of the electron from the nucleus
     • Will lower it due to there being less attraction
   • The "Shielding" Effect
     • Lowers it due to electrons in inner shells repelling electrons in the outer shell. (Shielding them from the nuclear charge

5. Four blocks of elements in the periodic table

6. Electrons can exist only at certain energy levels and gain or lose 'quanta' of energy when they move between the levels

7. s orbitals are spherical. P orbitals have two "lobes"

8. s =2

   • p =6
     • d =10
       • f =14

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