Ceramic Processing

Ceramic Processing

1. Casting

   • Involves using slip. It can also take various forms, such as high-pressure casting or traditional slip-casting.

2. Coiling

   • A simper and traditional hand-worked method of making large containers, using coils of clay would around to gradually build up the shape.

3. Extrusion

   • The process is based around a plastic clay mixture being forced through a die.
     • • This is and ideal process for products and components of the same cress-sectional shape.
       • Typical extruded products include bricks, pipes and electrical conduits.

4. Jiggering

   • Making flatware out of wet clay. A pancake of clay is placed over a revolving mould to form the inside shape, later a metal profile cuts the remaining. Used for small production items. Process replaced by powder-pressing which is faster and automated.

5. Firing

   • All ceramic products need to be fired or sintered in order to be useable.
     • The conditions and firing temperature required depend on the material.
     • Some pieces need several firings, beginning whit a biscuit-firing and ending whit a firing for the glaze.

6. Slip-casting

   • Based on a slip creamy suspension of clay in water. Then poured into plaster moulds for drying. The longer it is left the thicker the skin. The remaining slip is poured away. Ideal for large and intricate shapes.

7. Pressing

   • Automated process using wet clay or dry granules. The ceramic powder or clay lays in a cavity by 2 steel moulds under high pressure. Excellent precision, such as electronic industry.

8. Matching

   • Certaing ceramics can be machinable. Such as milling, sawing, grinding. Precision highly reachable.

9. Hand-painting

   • Applies glazes on mass-produced giftware. When coat applied it needs a second fire to finalize the process.

10. Jollying

    • Makes hollow-ware by using a metal profile that form the inside piece.

11. Injection moulding

    • Used to form polymer-based products, less used in ceramic industry. Ceramic is mixed with a polymer resin for better plasticity to flow into the mould. Then the resin is burned during the firing.

12. Acid etching

    • The model is created in a transfer and soaked. Once the transfer is applied to the tile, which is immersed in acid, the area covered is not attacked by the acid to produce the sallow bleeding.

13. Ram-pressing

    • Sanitary and table-ware making process which uses 2 porous moulds to squash a ceramic body. Used to make thick-sectioned pieces.

14. High pressure casting

    • Variation of slip-casting process, where the slip is form under pressure in the plaster mould.

15. Drying

    • The presence of excessive moisture during firing results in a damaged final piece once a ceramic product has been made using a wet material, it can be fired.
      • • The process must be slow as rapid water evaporation will cause cracking and uneven movement, which leads to warping.

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