Separation techniques

Separation techniques

1. PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY (Homogeneus)

   • Used to identify chemicals in foods or inks
   • It is used to identify chemicals (coloring agents) in foods or inks. For example, if a scientist wants to know how many substances are in a particular blob of ink, paper chromatography can be used

2. EVAPORATION (Homogeneus)

   • Changes from a liquid state to a vapor or gas state.
   • The solution is heated to boiling point.As it boils, the water escapes as vapor (gas)

3. SIMPLE DISTILLATION (Homogeneus)

   • For separating a liquid from a solution
   • A beaker of the salt solution is heated to the boiling point of the liquid. As it boils, the liquid turns into vapor (gas). The vapor is directed through tubes. connected to another beaker.As the vapor goes through the tube, it is cooled down by running cold water around the tubes. This forces the temperature of the vapor to fall, causing the gas to turn into liquid again

4. FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION (Homogeneus and Heterogeneus)

   • For separating a solution of two miscible liquids.
   • One liquid will have a lower boiling point. In a similar set-up like a simple distillation, the heat is applied to the solution to raise its temperature to the boiling point. This will turn the mixture into gas.

5. FILTRATION (Homogeneus and Heterogeneus)

   • Filtration is used in water treatment plants, where water from rivers is filtered to remove solid particles.
   • Method of separating an insoluble solid from a liquid.
   • Mixture goes through Filter paper>Filter tunnel= The residue at the top of the fileter paper and the filtrate at the recipient

6. MAGNETISM (Heterogeneous)

   • For separating mixtures of two solids with one part having magnetic properties.
   • Run a magnet bar over the surface. Magnetic elements will be attracted to the magnet over it.

7. SEPARATING FUNNEL (Homogeneus)

   • For two liquids that do not dissolve very well in each other
     • The two liquids in the mixture have different densities, making the heavier liquid settle at the base of the container. In this setup, a funnel with a tap at the spout is placed inside a beaker. The mixture is poured into the funnel and allowed to settle. The tap is opened to allow one of the liquids to pass