Waves & the Universe

Waves & the Universe

1. P1.11 The Universe

   • definitions
     • solar system
       • the Sun, the planets + their moons
       • part of Milky Way galaxy
     • galaxy
       • collection of stars
     • Universe
       • made of of all the galaxies
   • relative distances
     • 1. moon=closest
     • 2. Sun
     • 3. planets
     • 4. stars
     • 5. other galaxies=furthest
   • relative sizes
     • 1. moon=smallest
     • 2. Earth
     • 3. planets
     • 4. Sun&stars
     • 5. galaxies
     • 6. Universe=biggest

2. P1.13 Exploring the Universe

   • electromagnetic radiation telescopes
     • show things visible light can't detect
   • modern telescopes
     • improved magnification
       • see far away galaxies
     • photography
       • gather more data
     • made with greater precision
       • clearer images
     • electromagnetic telescopes
       • see objects that can't been seen using visible light
   • telescope location
     • in space
       • microwaves
       • infrared
       • UV
       • gamma
       • Xrays
       • some visible light
         • dust, water vapour, pollution can distort image
     • on earth
       • visible light
       • radio waves

3. P1.14 Alien Life?

   • signs of life
     • liquid water
     • oxygen
       • from photosynthesising plants
     • chemical changes
       • e.g. methane
   • methods
     • space probes
     • soil experiment by landers/rovers
     • SETI
       • Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence

4. P1.15 Life Cycles of Stars

   • left hand path
     • stars similar size to our Sun
   • right hand path
     • stars bigger than Sun
       • massive stars
   • gravity
     • pulls a nebula together
       • the hydrogen gets hot as GPE converted to thermal
     • pulls collapsed red giant together
       • forming white drwarf

5. P1.16 Theories about the Universe

   • steady state
     • universe has always existed
     • it is expanding
     • new matter is being created
   • big bang
     • whole universe started as a tiny particle 13.5billion ys ago
     • universe expanding from this+is still expanding
   • evidence
     • cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation
       • microwave radiation originally from big bang
     • red shift
       • object moving away has increased wavelength+decreased freq
         • black lines 'shifted' to red end of spectrum

6. P1.17 Red-Shift

   • stars
     • the more distant the star-greater the red shift
       • sun is closer
       • distant star
   • theories
     • proves universe is expanding
       • supports both theories
         • but BB is accepted due to CMB radiation

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