TEMA 3, 4 Y 5

TEMA 3, 4 Y 5

1. Sound

   • Speed 3343 m/s room temperature
     • Is different according to the medium and object
       • Standing Waves in a Cylinder
         • As harmonics with odd numbers
       • Intensity
         • Volume
           • Decibels (dB)
             • Compare intensity of a sound with the minimum intensity for human hearing
           • Bel
             • Compare intensities of two sounds
       • Doppler Effect
         • Approaching – High pitch
         • Moving away – Low pitch

2. Vibration

   • Strings of a violin or vocal cords
     • Behavior
       • Light, Sound and many nature phenomena
     • Simple Harmonic Motion
       • Simplest kind of oscillation and repeats over time
         • Movement is periodic
         • Absence of friction
         • Produced by a restitution force
         • Oscillates around an equilibrium position
       • Such as springs and pendulums
       • Waves (Oscillatory Systems)
         • Amplitude
           • Maximum displacement from the equilibrium point (m)
         • Frequency
           • Number of cycles in 1 second
         • Angular displacement
           • Number of oscillations in radians
         • Angular frequency
           • Number of cycles in radians per second
         • Period
           • Time a body takes to go back its original position after 1 full cycle
   • SHM and Hooke´s Law
     • Restoring Force
       • Spring go back and forth from the restoring position
     • No friction
       • the mass will be going back and forth with the same amplitude on both sides
   • Energy in SHM
     • Springs have potential energy
       • Every time is stretched and release potential energy is transformed into kinetic and viceversa
       • Joules
     • Conservation of Energy
       • There is no friction in the oscillator, so the energy is conserved
   • Motion Equations
     • Vibration can be studied as sinusoidal wave
       • Position as a function of time
       • Velocity as a function of time
       • Acceleration as a function of time

3. Waves

   • Oscillations in nature
   • Transfer Energy
   • Kind of Waves
     • Mechanic
       • Transverse
         • Particles in a medium vibrate perpendicular to the direction of the wave’s motion
       • Longitudinal
         • Particles in a medium vibrate in the same direction of the wave’s motion
       • Needs a medium to travel like sound and air
     • Seismic
     • Electromagenetic
   • Anatomy
   • Speed
     • Medium (Rope)
       • Frequency depends on tension, linear density and velocity
         • Linear Density
           • Spread Speed – Depend on the medium
   • Energy
     • Vibrating particles transfer energy to the medium
   • Standing Waves
     • Don´t travel
     • Node – Two waves meet a destructive interference occur
     • Antinode – Perpendicularly away is a constructive interference
     • More Frequency = More nodes and antinodes
     • Rseonance
       • Harmonics

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