Concepts of Basic Probability

Concepts of Basic Probability

1. Probability

   • Is the branch of mathematics concerning numerical descriptions of how likely an event is to occur.
   • The probability of an event is a number between 0 and 1, where, roughly speaking, 0 indicates impossibility of the event and 1 indicates certainty

2. Experiment

   • Is a procedure carried out to support, refute, or validate a hypothesis.
   • Experiments provide insight into cause-and-effect by demonstrating what outcome occurs when a particular factor is manipulated.

3. Sample Space

   • Is the set of all possible outcomes or results of that experiment.
   • Is usually denoted using set notation, and the possible ordered outcomes are listed as elements in the set.

4. Event

   • A probability event can be defined as a set of outcomes of an experiment. In other words, an event in probability is the subset of the respective sample space.

5. Mutually exclusive events

   • In the field of logic and probability theory, two propositions (or events) are mutually exclusive or disjoint if both cannot be true (or happen simultaneously).
     • An example of this is the result of flipping a coin once, which can only be "heads" or "tails", but not both.

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