Glycoconjugates

Glycoconjugates

1. proteoglycan

   • proteins containing a large amount of covalently bound sugars (polysaccharides)
   • have high molecular weight
     • are linear
     • retain a lot of water
     • Many Carbohydrates
   • are found in the extracellular matrix
   • are composed of glycosaminoglycans
   • examples
     • syndicate bataglucano serglycine perlecano agrecano versican decorino biglucan fibromodulin

2. covalently bound carbohydrates with other chemical species

3. glycoproteins

   • proteins containing chains of oligosaccharides covalently linked to amino acids
   • found in most organisms
     • bacteria
     • virus
     • animals
     • plants
   • compose
     • plasma proteins
     • peptide hormones
     • blood group substances
   • function
     • Molecular structure
       • Collagen
     • Lubricant and protective agent
       • Mucinas
     • Transport molecule
       • Transferrin
       • Ceruloplasmine
     • Immune molecule
       • Immunoglobulins
       • antigens of histocompatibility
     • Hormone
       • Chorionic gonadotropin
       • TSH
     • Enzyme
       • phosphatase alkaline
     • cellular adhesion
       • interaction
         • sperm-oocyte
         • virus-cell
         • cell-bacteria
         • hormone-cell
     • anticoagulant
     • Receiver
     • regulation
       • protein folding
         • Calnexin
         • calreticulin
       • differentiation and development
     • hemostasis
   • depends on the expression pattern of the various glycosyltransferases
     • N-glucosides
       • asparagine is the main
       • happens in the endosplasmic reticulum
       • are post-translational
       • mannose rich type
       • tetraanthenary type
         • blood groups
       • mixed
     • O-glucosides
       • are post-translational
       • occurs in the golgi apparatus
       • mainly participate the serine and threonine
   • have ramifications

4. glycolipids

   • lipids with a carbohydrate (oligosaccharides) attached by a glycosidic bond.
   • are mainly found in the lipidic membrane
     • facilitate cell recognition
       • Immune response
     • blood types
   • is assembled in golgi's apartment
   • subclassification
     • Glyceroglycolipids
       • Galactolipids
       • Sulfolipids
     • Glycosphingolipids
       • Cerebrosides
       • Gangliosides
       • Globosides
       • Glycophosphingolipids
       • Glycophosphatidylinositols

5. glycosylation

   • enzymatic bonding of sugars
     • glycosylic bonds
     • glycosyltransferases
   • modification most frequent post-translational protein
   • may be reversible
   • important mechanism of metabolic regulation

6. glycation

   • non-enzymatic bonding from sugars to proteins

7. the addition of sugar serves mainly to improve

   • adhesion
   • solubility

8. glycoforms

   • generates higher variability

9. glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

   • polysaccharide made up of disaccharides, with a carbohydrate with an amino
   • heteropolysaccharides
     • hyaluronic acid
     • chondroitin sulphate
     • keratan sulphate 1
     • keratan sulphate 2
     • heparin
     • dermatan sulphate
     • heparan sulphate
   • very abundant in the body
   • have sulphate groups
     • except hyaluronic acid
   • negatively charged molecules
     • can interact with water
   • have no ramifications
   • function
     • components of the extracellular matrix
     • facilitate cell migration
     • anticoagulant
     • Water retention
     • recognition of the immune system
   • also called mucopolisacarid
     • mucopolysaccharosis

10. most common are the hexose

    • suffer an interconversion
      • nucleotides are added
      • glucose
      • galactose
      • mannose

11. Presented by: Santiago Silva Serna

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