MATTER

MATTER

1. Mass is the amount of matter in a object, it is measure in kilograms (kg)

   • Density is the amount of mass in a specific volume, it is calculated by diving the mass of an object by its volume
     • Volume is the space that occupies an object, it is measure in cubic meters

2. To measure the volume of a regulary-shaped object. Multiplying these three measurements togueter gives us the volume.

   • To measure the volume of a irregular-shaped object. Measure the water level, the apply the object and measure the water level again, then, the result is the volume of the object.

3. Matter can also be classified if floats or not floats in a liquid. Gravity pushed the object down. The force of gravity is the same the weight of the object. The water pushes upwards on the object. This upwards force is called upthrust

   • Other propierties of matter: hardness, solubility, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity

4. A pure substance is made from only one type of molecule.

   • Heterogeneous mixtures a mixture in which the component parts can clearly be seen
   • Homogeneous mixtures mixture in which the component parts can't be distinguished from each other

5. A solution is a homogeneous mixture formed when a solid dissolves in a liquid

6. SEPARATION TECHNIQUES

   • EVAPORATION
     • FILTRATION
       • can be used to separate an insoluble solid from a mixture, as the mixture passes through the filter
     • a method of separating a soluble solid from a liquid by heating the liquid and changing it into a gas
   • DISTILATION
     • can be used to separate a liquid from a solution or two liquids, the alcohol has lower boiling point than water, the alcohol mixtures and forms gas. This gas is then cooled so that it condenses and forms liquid again

7. CHANGES IN MATTER

   • Physical
     • The change is reversible.
       • We change the state of matter using thermal energy. When we apply thermal energy to a solid, it changes into a liquid, and when we apply thermal energy to a liquid, it becomes a gas.
         • As a substance gets hotter, its molecule move faster. The molecules don´t change, but the distance between each molecule increases
           • Elastic: we can change their shape by applying a force, but they return to their original shape
           • Plastic: we can change their shape easily by applying a force, but that they remain in this new shape
   • Chemical
     • . A chemical change is irreversible
       • Combustion: in whitch oxygen combines with a fuel, . It´s an exothermic reaction / Petrol and diesel are burnt to power vehicles and to heat homes / Coal is burnt is power stations to generate electricity / We burn natural gas to cook and heat our homes
       • Oxidation is a chemical reaction in which iron get in touch the oxygen, then, the iron tourns colour brown
       • Oxidation in fruit: The interior parts of fruit turn brown when they are exposed to air
       • Fermentation: is chemical reaction in which a cell uses sugar to carry out nutrition without using oxygen