INFLECTION

INFLECTION

1. Process of changes that has a word to express new grammatical meanings.

2. TYPES OF INFLECTION

   • Person
     • The subject of the sentence modify the action verb.
       • EX: I have a book. We have a book.
   • Number
     • Singular and plural words.
       • EX. person-people book- books
   • Gender
     • Focus on the female and male nouns.
       • EX. Female: hen Male: rooster
   • Case
     • Its affects the noun.
       • EX. I love you - Peter loves her.
   • Tense and aspect
     • Focus on the verbs.
       • EX. I write a paper. - I wrote a paper. - I am writing a paper. - I will write a paper.
       • Aspect ex. I am writing a letter.
   • Voice
     • Focus on the passive and active voice
       • Active Ex. My sister ate my cake.- Passive Ex. The cake was eaten by my sister.
   • Mood
     • Its focuses on declarative, interrogatives, and imperatives statements.
       • Declarative Ex.I break up with my boyfriend. Interrogative Ex. Do you live here? Imperative Ex. Hurry up!

3. INHERENT VERSUS CONTEXTUAL INFLECTION

   • Inherent
     • Not require the syntax and category number for nouns.
       • EX. water, girl , boy,toy
   • Contextual Inflection
     • Is grammatical and syntactic construction of the word.
       • EX. Great boy Great girls Great fun

4. INFLECTION VERSUS DERIVATION REVISITED

   • Inflection
     • Never changes category and add meaning.
       • EX. Boy-s Live-s
   • Derivation
     • Produces new lexemes, that changes to word class or original meaning.
       • EX, Compete Competitive Competition Competence Competing

5. Morphology Analysis

   • The study of word formation in other words are built up from smaller pieces
     • Linguistic units, such as a root, suffix, affix, derivational and Inflection.
       • EX. Talking: Talk + ing Worker: Work+ er Dogs: Dog + s
   • Morphology
     • Study of the structure and formation of words. Its most important unit is the morpheme, which is defined as the minimal unit of meaning.
       • EX. Uncomfortable. This has tree parts: Prefix (un), root (comfort) and suffix (able)

6. PARADIGM

   • SUPPLETION AND SYCRETISM
     • Suppletion
       • When a lexeme is formed in the base that does not relate to it
         • "HAVE" ( I, you,we, they “have” ) ( he/she/it “has”)
       • Sycretism
         • Whereby two or more lexemes share the same form
           • EX. Feel- felt
   • INFLECTION CLASSES
     • No, all the nouns and verbs may inflect in the same way
       • Example: Noun Singular: cat - Inflection “s” Noun Plural: cats
       • Case, number and tenses.
   • Different inflection forms of a lexeme or lexeme classes
     • EX. The derivational paradigm with the stem nature: -Natural -Unnatural - Naturalist