Linkers and Connectors

Linkers and Connectors

1. Connectors

   • Contrast
     • but / yet:
       • followed by a noun phrase or a sentence.
         • The book is short but / yet interesting
     • in spite of / despite
       • It is placed at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence
         • He arrived on time despite / in spite of getting up late’
     • although / though/ even though / in spite of the fact that
       • followed by a complete sentence
         • ‘Although / though / even though / in spite of the fact that the pupils had not studied, they all passed their exams
     • however, nevertheless, even so, on the one hand, on the other hand, on the contrary
       • He was quite ill however/ nevertheless/ even so, he went to school’
     • while, whereas
       • This film is very interesting, while/whereas that one is quite boring’
   • • Reason and cause
       • . because, as since, seeing that:
         • Because / as / since / seeing that it’s late, we should go home’
       • because of, on account of, owing to, due to:
         • Because of / on account of / owing to / due to the weather, we stayed at home’
       • in order to, so as to, to:
         • ‘She uses her video in order to / so as to / to record TV programmes’
     • Add information
       • for example, for instante, such as:
         • ‘Vegetables are a good source of vitamins: for example / for instance, oranges have vitamin C’
       • more over, furthermore, besides, in addition to:
         • In addition to soul music, she likes rap
       • apart from, except for:
         • ‘Apart from English, she speaks French’.
     • Succession
       • First of all / Firstly / To begin with / First
       • Second / Secondly / Then
       • Third / Thirdly / After that
       • The next stage
       • Finally / in short / to sum up / in conclusion / lastly / last but not least
   • Result
     • As a result of
       • ‘As a result of his brave action, he was awarded a military medal.
     • Therefore, as a result, consequently, for this reason:
       • Consequently / for this reason, it always passes its annual road test
   • Order
     • First parragraph
       • At first sight: A primera vista
       • First: En primer lugar
       • First of all: Antes que nada
       • In the first place: En primer lugar
       • To start with: Para empezar
       • Second parragraph
         • In the second place: En segundo lugar
         • Second: Segundo
         • Secondly: En segundo lugar
         • Third: Tercero
         • Thirdly: En tercer lugar
         • Conclusion
           • Finally: Por último
           • In conclusion: Para concluir
           • Lastly: Por último
           • And eventually: Y finalmente

2. Linkers

   • Contrast
     • In spite of / Despite
       • Link two contrasting ideas. Followed by a noun phrase
     • Although / (Even) though
       • Link two contrasting ideas. Followed by a sentence
     • However / Nevertheless / Still / Yet / Even so / On the contrary / In contrast
       • ntroduce a new idea which marks a contrast with previously stated ideas. Introduced by a comma.
     • On the one hand / On the other hand
       • Links two contrasting ideas / paragraphs.
     • In contrast to / Contrary to
       • Link two contrasting ideas. Followed by a noun phrase
     • Whereas
       • Link two contrasting ideas. Not separated by commas
   • Reason and cause
     • Because / As / Since / Seeing that
       • Introduce a sentence. Subordinate sentences introduced by because always appear in final position.
     • Because of / On account of / Owing to / Due to
       • Introduce a noun phrase.
   • Purpose
     • In order to / So as to
       • Introduce an infinitive of purpose.
     • In order that / So that
       • Introduce a sentence.
   • Consequence
     • Consequently / As a consequence / As a result / Therefore
     • s a consequence of / As a result of
       • Followed by a noun phrase.
     • So
       • Introduces a sentence. No commas.
   • Addition
     • Moreover / Furthermore / In addition / Besides / What's more
       • Used after a strong pause and separated from the sentences. They are introduced by a comma
     • As well as / In addition to / Besides
       • Used to add one more piece of information. Followed by a noun phrase.
     • Exemplification
       • For example / For instance
         • Introduces an example referring to previously stated ideas.
       • Such as
         • Introduces an example referring to the last idea.