STRUCTURES

STRUCTURES

1. conditions that structures have to meet

   • STABILITY
     • for that the structure keeps up and doesn't fall.
       • The gravity center have to be inside the base and the most possible near to the floor.
         • We can archive it:
           • Adding mass to the base
           • Putting braces
           • Impinging its lower part to the ground
   • RESISTENCE
     • to support loads without breaking
       • Depends of:
         • The form of the structure
         • the type and quality of construction material
           • all the materials have a breaking strain (maximum force per unit area that is supported without breaking)
   • RIGIDITY
     • That the structure does not deform
       • is achieved by welding the joints with the appropriate shape and with triangulations
         • the triangle is the only non-deformable polygon
           • that is why it is used in structures
           • the diagonals used to triangulate are called BRACES

2. DEFINITION: is the arrangement and order of the parts within a whole.

3. FORCES

   • Everything that can modifying the state of rest or movement of a body (including deformation).
     • according to its duration:
       • Fixed or permanent
         • always present and the structure will always support the force at all times.
       • Variables or intermittent:
         • appear or disappear depending on external conditions to the structure.
     • depends on how they work.
       • Static forces
         • the variation of the intensity, place or direction in which strength doesn ́t change in short periods of time.
       • Dynamic forces (more dangerous)
         • the forces acting on the structure suddenly change value, place of application or direction.
   • Imortant
     • the force value (if very large or very small)
     • the place where force is being applied
   • UNIT
     • NEWTONS (N)

4. NATURAL STRUCTURES

   • have been "made" by nature thousands of years ago by evolution.

5. ARTIFICTAL STRUCTURES

   • are created by human beings.

6. MASS

   • Mass is a measure of how much matter there is
   • UNIT
     • Kg

7. PRESSURE

   • Pressure is a measure of how much force is acting upon an area.
   • FORMULA
     • pressure = force / area
   • UNIT
     • Pascal=N/m2
       • area = m2.
       • force= N