Countries and migration

Countries and migration

1. Countries of origin, transit and destination

   • In migration, there is an important classification of countries: countries of Origin, are the places where it was born and places where migration begins, transit countries, are the intermediate places on the road between the country of origin and the country of destination, that is, where they temporarily focus to follow their migration. Destination Countries are places that where people want to emigrate (leaving a place of origin for socio-economic reasons in search of a better quality of life, employment and income – a better place). There is also the country of return, in certain circumstances a considerable number of migrants return to their country of origin

2. The case of Ecuador

   • In 2007, Ecuador became a country of origin, a country of transit, as a destination country. Because of the fact that different countries have had, lack of employment and armed conflicts, making the decision for foreign citizens to decide to leave their countries and see Ecuador as an opportunity to find better days.

3. Migration policies

   • The States have two areas of responsibilities: first, on the fulfillment of the rights of the people who live in the country, which also extends to the international sphere; the second has to do with state security. These two fields are sometimes in contradiction and, in general, the second prevails. In the name of national security, people's rights are violated. But states exist to guarantee the human rights. This has been established in all the constitutions of the world, but it is not fulfilled

4. Human rights and migration

   • Human rights are principles and norms that seek to respect the dignity of people and protect them from abuses of power. In the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which is law for all countries, there are several articles related to mobility. It is established that everyone has the rights, without any distinction, such as national origin or place of birth (art. 2), to move freely and to choose their residence in the territory of a State (art. 13); to asylum (art. 14); to have nationality and change it (art. 15); to an international order where rights are effectively fulfilled (art. 28). The Convention on the Rights of Migrant Workers and their Families contains a group of rights regardless of immigration status, that is, whether the person is in a regular or irregular situation. In other declarations on the rights of women, children and adolescents, rights there are also rights that protect people in terms in mobility