Oscilations and waves

Oscilations and waves

1. Oscillations and waves

   • Periodic Motion
     • Any motion that repeats itself over and over
   • Period
     • Time required to complete one full cylcle. SI unit: seconds/cycle
       • Period and frequency are both reciprocals one another f=1/T and T=1/F
   • Frequency
     • Is the number of oscillatilons per unit time. Formula: 1/period SI UNITS: Hz
   • Simple harmonic motion
     • When the force pushing or pulling an object towars equlibrium is proportional to the displacement of equilibrium
     • Example: mass attached to a spirng
       • The period of a mass spring varies directly with the mass
     • Simple harmonic motion occurs when the restoring force is proportional to the displacement from equilibrium
   • Amplitude
     • The maximum displacement from equilibrium
       • A change in amplitude does not affect the period

2. The Pendulum

   • Simple pendulum to be a mass m suspended by a light string or rod of lenght L. The mass is often called bob.
   • The period of the pendulum depends on its legnth and on the acceleration due to gravity
   • Greater mass= more time to complete the oscillation
   • Natural frequency at which an onject osccillates by itself, or in resonance

3. Waves and Wave properties

   • Formation and wave types
     • Wave is a disturbance that is transmitted from place to place carrying energy
       • As they travel, particles in a wave oscillate back and forth about one location
         • Transverse wave
           • A wave in which particles pscillate at right angles to the direction the wave travels
         • Longitudinal waves
           • A wave in which the particles oscillate parallel to the direction of propagation
   • Properties
     • Crest
       • Highest point
     • Troughs
       • Lowest point
     • Wavelenght
       • Distance from one crest to the next
     • medium
       • Properties of the material
     • Speed
       • Speed= wavelenght x frequency
     • Mechanical waves
       • Travel through matter

4. Interacting waves

   • Supperposition
     • Two or more individual waves overlap, they combine to form a resultant wave
     • Principle of suppeprposition
       • States that a resultant wave is simply the sum of the individual wave that make it up
   • Interference
     • Constructive interference
       • Waves combine to form a larger wave
     • Destructive inteference
       • Waves supperpose to form a smaller one

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