Cognitive and language development

Cognitive and language development

1. Biological processes

   • Produce changes in the child’s body and underlie brain development, height and weight gains, motor skills, and puberty’s hormonal changes.

2. Cognitive processes

   • Involve changes in the child’s thinking, intelligence, and language

3. Socioemocional processes

   • Changes in the child’s relationships with other people, changes in emotion, and changes in personality.

4. Nature-nusture issue

   • Nurture to environmental influences.

5. Continuity-discontinuity

   • Development involves gradual, cumulative change or distinct stages

6. Early and later experience

   • Early experiences

7. BRAIN

   • Lateralization
     • The specialization of functions in each hemisphere of the brain
   • Plasticity
     • Brain plasticity decreases with age and with increasing specialization of hemispheres and brain regions. Left hemisphere specializing in language right hemisphere. early language development

8. Piaget

   • Processes
     • Equilibration and stages of development
       • The shift occurs as children experience cognitive conflict, or disequilibrium, in trying to understand the world.
     • Organization
       • the grouping or arranging of items into categories.
     • Assimilation and accommodation
       • Accommodation: adjusting schemas to fit new information and experiences
       • Assimilation: Incorporation of new information
     • Schemas
       • Th ese are actions or mental representations that organize knowledge
   • Stages
     • Sensormotro
       • In which infants construct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences with motor actions
     • Preoperational
       • Lasting from about 2 to 7 years of age, symbolic thought increases, but operational thought is not yet present
     • Concrete operational
       • 7 to 11 years of age. At this stage, the child thinks operationally, and logical reasoning replaces intuitive thought but only in concrete situations; classification skills are present, but abstract problems present difficultie

9. Scaffolding

   • A technique that involves changing the level of support for learning.

10. What is language?

    • Phonology
      • Study of how sounds form together in language is know as phonology
    • Morphology
      • formation and stucture of the word
    • Syntax
      • study of how words form groups within sentences
    • Semantics
      • Study into the meaning beging language
    • Pragmatic
      • How context affect meaning

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