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1. definition

   • A process through which managers regulate organizational activities to make them consistent with expectations and help them to achieve predetermined standards of performance.

2. introduction

   • Control is the last of the four major management functions.
   • can ensure to deliver an excellent output to its shareholders.
   • critically important because it helps to ensure that all of our planning, organizing and leading went successfully as we intended.

3. IMPORTANCE of CONTROL

   • Assist the management process
   • Deal with change or uncertainty
   • Deal with complexity
   • Deal with human limitations
   • Help delegation and decentralization to run smoothly
   • Minimize costs
   • Adapt to environmental change

4. Process or Steps of Control involves:

   • Setting standards of performance Whenever possible, the standards should be set in a manner that allows them to be compared with actual performance.
     • Measuring actual performance An organization must decide: What to measure. When to measure. How frequently to measure.
       • Comparing actual performance with standards This step involves determining if actual performance compared to standards falls within acceptable limits.
         • Responding to deviations If the deviation from performance is unacceptable, then corrective action is warranted. If the deviation is acceptable, no correction action is necessary.

5. The three (3) types of control:

   • Feedforward control
     • Concurrent control
       • Feedback control

6. CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE CONTROL SYSTEM

   • related to the organizational strategy.
   • Use all steps in the control process.
   • composed of objective and subjective measures.
   • timely in feedback reporting.
   • Be acceptable to a diverse workforce.

7. BARRIERS of CONTROL

   • Game playing
     • Manipulating resources usage.
   • Operating delays
     • In terms of mechanical and technical issues.
   • Negative attitude
     • Refer to the employers/employees-human nature.
   • Over-control
     • Limiting individuals job autonomy.
   • Under-control
     • Granting a lot of autonomy to individuals.