Orbitals

Orbitals

1. quantum number

   • atomic orbitals are distinguished using quantum numbers
   • principal quantum no.
     • determines the size and to large extent energy of the orbital
   • azimuthal quantum no.
     • also called orbital angular momentum or subsidiary quantum no. it defines 3-d shape 
   • magnetic orbital quantum no.
     • gives information about the spatial orientation with respect to std. set of co-ordinates 
   • electron spin quantum no.
     • vector quantity - can have 2 orientation  informs about intrinsic angular spin 

2. shapes

   • the square of the wave function at a point gives the probability density of the electron at that point.
   • S
     • 1-s
     • 2-s
   • nodes
     • region where probability function is zero
   • boundary surface diagrams
   • P
     • 2px
     • 2py
     • 2pz
   • D
     • dxy,dxz,dyz,dx^2-y^2,dz^2