PUNCTUATION MARKS.

PUNCTUATION MARKS.

1. COMMA

   • Comma is a puntuation mark that separats words, ideas or phrases withina sentence.
     • USE OF COMMA
       • Use a comma to separate independent clauses when they are joined by the following conjuntions: AND,FOR,BUT,OR,SO,YET.
         • I want not to go to the party, but I am so bored.
           • Use a comma to separate a dependent clauses from an independent clause.
             • You will miss her, when she moves to Canada.
               • Use a comma to separate an introductory element from the rest of a sentence. Hi, hey, excume , good night.
                 • Hello, are you ready?
                   • Use a comma to separat the name of a city from a country .
                     • Alessa is from Caracas, Venezuela.
                       • Use a comma to saparate the day of the week, day, of the month etc.
                         • Yesterday was Tuesday, August 20th,2021.

2. PERIOD / FULL STOP

   • PERIOD IS:
     • Period is the term for the puntuation mark usde to end declarative sentences.
       • A declarative sentences does not give an order or command, ask a question or express strong emotions.
         • Can you help me? (interrogative sentence)
           • It"s a girl! (exclamatory sentence)
             • In the others words, declarative sentences simply pass on information,so we place a period at the ned of logical and complete sentence.
               • Your english is difficult to understand.
                 • An indirect is a question that is said as a statement. It uses a period instead of a question mark.
                   • Aston asked me why I did not go to party yesterday.
                     • Period after abbreviations.
                       • Doctor: Doc.
                         • Quotation Mark, in America English , if the sentence ends with a quote, the period is placed inside the closing quotation mark.
                           • Marie exclaimed ,"and I am so excited."
                             • Period with parentheses: When a sentence ends with a parentheses that is part of a larger sentence, the period is palced outside the parentheses.
                               • Mariana lived in Lima ( the capital of Peru)

3. COLON

   • What is a Colon?
     • A colon is a puntuation mark, the colon(:) consisting of two dots one over the other.
       • A colon is like a stament . You are making a pause after a sentence, noticing the most important things.
         • When to use a colon?
           • Use to complete the sentence.
             • Use to introduce an item or a list of items that are based on the same topic.
               • Can you use even in a noun sentence way.
                 • Used when you need to separate the volume and the page from book.
                   • Example: The people need three things to survive: air, water and food.

4. PARENTHESES AND BRACKETS

   • PARENTHESES ( )
     • Outside the realm of emoticons, parentheses always come in pairs. They can enclose a single word, a phrase or even entire sentence.
       • When to use a parentheses.
         • Use parentheses when you want to add extra information.
           • My boyfriend (and his parents)
             • Parentheses can also be used to provide the full them of an acronym or an abbreviation.
               • At 26, she became the youngest CFO ( Chief Financial Officer) this company has ever had.
                 • Use oarentheses is if you want to specify the year of birth and the year of death of someone.
                   • Alfredo Espino (1900 1928) the best poet the El Salvador.
   • BRACKETS
     • Show information of a techinical nature, or information is omitted entirely, the sentence would still make sense.
       • To help clarify information about the subject or sunject matter.
         • To note any translation for material qouted in a foreing language.
           • To notate grammatical errors.
             • To change the puntuation to maintain contextual accuracy.
       • When to use a brackets.

5. APOSTROPHES AND DASH

   • APOSTROPHES
     • An apostrophe is the mark (´) when it is written to indicate that one or more letters have been left out of a word.
       • Has two functions:
         • It marks possesion.
           • Use an apostophe in the possessive form of a noun to indicate ownership.
             • Plural nouns possessive
               • The children´s pool.
             • Singular nouns possesive
               • The dog´s needs to sleep.
             • Proper Nouns+ Apostrophe
               • Shanon's and Sophia's shoes are very expensive.
             • Compound Nouns + Apostrophe
               • My siter in law's work is too far.
       • Contraction
         • Apostrophes mark the omission of the sound of one or more letters or numbers.
           • Examples: didn't ( did not) don't (do not) It's ( it is)
   • DASH
     • A dash is a mark of separation stronger than a comma, less formal than a colon, and more relaxed than parentheses.
       • USE OF DASH
         • Use an em-dash to joing idependent clauses.
           • Em-dash can also be used to set off extra information in a sentence.
             • Em-dash can be used to mark a list placed in the middle f a sentence where commas are already used.
               • Dashes can also be used to emphasize a point in a sentence.

6. QUESTION MARK AND EXCLAMATION MARK

   • QUESTION MARK:
     • A question mark is a puntuation mark that is used following a question in a sentence.
       • RULES
         • Use a question mark only after a direct question.
           • Will you go to the party?
             • A question mark replace a period at the end of a sentence.
               • Have you ever been in United State?
                 • Avoid the common trap of using question marks with indirect questions.
                   • I am if He would like dancing salsa.
                     • Use a question mark when a sentence is hallf statement and half question.
                       • You are bored, are not you?
                         • The placement of question marks with quotation marks follows logic.
                           • Jen asked, Will you still be my boyfriend?
   • EXCLAMATION MARKS
     • The exclamation mark(!) , which is also known as the esclamation point, looks like a period with a vertical ba above it.
       • RULES
         • The exclamation point should be mainly used to demonstrate shock, surprise, anger or a raised voice.
           • Surprise: Ohh my God! thank you for my gift!
             • Anger: What is wrong with you! Let me go.
               • Urgency: Watch out for traffic signs! We could have an accident!
                 • The exclamtion mark is used at the end of a strong command.
                   • Stop! Shut up!
                     • The exclamation mark is used at the end of an interjection.
                       • Really! Jonh that was close.

7. SEMI COLON

   • The semi colon (;) consists of a dot above a comma,
     • USES
       • Separate sentences where the conjunction has been left out.
         • Link sentences which also use words such as otherwise, however, therefore, as, connectors
           • Example: I drank tea; Marisela drank beer.

8. ELLIPSIS MARKS (...)

   • Use an ellipsis to show an omissin, or leaving out, of a word or words in a quote.
     • Use an ellipsis to show pause in a thought or to crate suspense.
       • Example: I was thinking ... in go to the party.

9. QUOTATION MARKS

   • Qoutattion marks ( "..." ) are type ppf puntuation used to mark an exactly replid word or statement.
     • When to use a quotation marks.
       • To show speech or writing by character.
         • "I don´t want to drink water" said Guillermina.
           • To give someone a special description.
             • Her name is Gulietta "impossible" Alexia.
               • To emphasize a word.
                 • She had a "chat" with the neighbors yesterday.
                   • To note smaller sections in a larger composition.
                     • The final episode of The Sopranos is aptly named "Made in America."

10. SLASH

    • When to use a slash (/)
      • Separate parts of a website addres (URL) on the internet.
        • https://evaluciones.edu.com/
          • Indicate fractions.
            • 3/4 (three quarters)
              • In dates to separate day, month and year.
                • Marissa was born on 25/09/2004.
                  • Form some abbreviations.
                    • w/o(without)
                      • In place of "OR"
                        • Dannia/Ariana will not go to the party.
                          • Express the word "PER"
                            • The price of gasoline had fallen to $ 15/ gallon.
                              • Separate lines from a poem or song.
                                • Show contradictory notions.
                                  • The optimist/pessimism ideologies are very popular today,

11. HYPHEN(-)

    • To join two or more words serving as a single adjective before a noun.
      • Example : a one-way stree.
        • Use a hyphen with compound numbers.
          • sixty-seven, forty-five.
            • Use a hyphen with the prefixes ex-(meaning former), self-,all; with capitalized word: and with figures or letters.
              • ex-girlfriend, ex-boyfriend.
    • The hyphen is a short horizontal line (-) used as a puntuation mark.