Contrastive Sintax

Contrastive Sintax

1. Adjectives

   • Adjectives in compounds/set phrases
     • Attributive: part of the noun phrase.
     • Predicative: linked via a copula to the pronoun o NP.
     • English adjective in atrributive function: the red car.
     • Spanish adjectives in attributive: el coche rojo.
   • Nominalization: English and Spanish adjectives can be nominalised
     • Spanish: uses el/la/lo.
     • English uses: the adj+one.

2. Verbs

   • Verbs with early object SOV in Spanish
     • Spanish uses SVO with
       • enclitic pronouns, infinitives, gerunds and pronominal verbs.
         • ''Voy a verla pronto''.
   • Verbs first VSO, VOS, VS in Spanish
     • VSO and VOS
       • Spanish with transitive verbs and imperatives.
         • ¿esta la casa limpia?.
           • English, there are many fewer cases presenting this word order pattern.
             • are you here?
             • Verbs (gerund)
               • English gerunds (ing); play several syntactic roles.
                 • Predicate.
                   • Subject/object.
                     • Subordinating clause intro.
                   • Attributive/predicative adj.
                 • Spanish gerunds (a/e/ndo: also play several roles.
                   • Predicate (progressive tense)
                     • Subordinating clause intro.

3. Adverbs/adverbials

   • Distance between adverbs/adverbials and verb.
     • Spanish adverbs/adverbial phrases are near to what they modify; ''el aprobo facilmente el examen''
     • English often separates an adverb from the word it modifies; ''she passed the test easily''

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