Syntax and Grammar

What this unit covers

The resources here work through how words combine into phrases and sentences. The mind map PHRASE STRUCTURE GRAMMAR sits at the top of the page and deals with immediate constituent analysis, diagramming, hierarchical structure and the generative approach. Other maps cover the noun phrase, the adjective phrase, word classes and grammatical categories.

Where to start

Begin with the overview material, then move to the terminology decks.

1. Read the mind map PHRASE STRUCTURE GRAMMAR for the big picture.
2. Work through the notes Intro to lingu, which explain syntax, lexical categories and distribution criteria.
3. Use the flashcard deck GiU Topic 2 - Terminology to learn constituent, substitution, movement and coordination.
4. Move on to GiU Topic 4 - Terminology for noun phrases, pronouns and their subcategories.

Function, form and clauses

The deck on syntactic function versus form uses the example sentence about the woman eating the apple to separate what a phrase does from what it is. The flowchart Subordination I: Adjunct clauses then shows how circumstantial clauses add detail to a main clause verb. Three small flowcharts break down sample sentences with relative and adverbial clauses, which is handy for practising analysis by eye.

Using quizzes and maps together

Read a map, then test yourself. The Syntax Quiz is a quick check on the basics, and the flowchart Diagram Tree gives you a model to compare with your own drawings. If a quiz shows a weak spot, go back to the matching map or deck and read it again. Teachers can use the maps and flowcharts as ready-made starting points for sessions.

Where it fits

This unit belongs to the Sound and Structure strand of Linguistics and philology. It sits alongside material on morphology, and the page lists a flowchart on that too. Most of what is here is aimed at university level.

Open a resource that matches where you are now, and when you are ready, build a map or deck of your own.