BLOOD

BLOOD

1. Leukocytes

   • Granulocyte
     • Neutrophil
       • nucleus
         • Old: Lobulated/Segmented nucleus
         • Young: U shaped Nucleus>Band Cell
         • Accessory lobe
           • Barr Body in female
       • Granules
         • Azurophilic (primary)
         • Specific (secondary)
         • Tertiary
       • Myeloperoxidase (green color)
         • pus(หนอง)
         • Mucous
         • Buffy coat
       • Phagocyte
     • Eosinophil
       • Bilobed nucleus
       • Eosinophilic granules
         • Horse: bright red granules เต็ม cytoplasm
       • Phagocyte
       • Eo+Mast+Basophilic--> allergy&asthma
       • Eosinophilia - pararsitic infestation
     • Basophil
       • Bilobed or irregular shaped nucleus
       • Basophilic granules
       • dark blue-purple stained
       • Involved in inflammatory, allergic
       • Produce
         • Histamine
         • Heparin
   • Agranulocyte
     • Lymphocyte
       • Dark stain nucleus (เข้มสุด)
       • Large round nucleus
       • SHAPE
         • Small
         • Large
           • Large granular lymphocyte
             • Natural Killer cell
       • DUTY
         • T-cell
           • Helper (CD4)
           • Cytotoxic (CD8)
           • Memory
           • Pegulatory
         • B-cell
           • Plasma (antibody)
           • Memory
         • Natural Killer cell
     • Monocyte
       • Largest WBC
       • Kidney shaped nucleus
       • Phagocyte
       • Store in spleen 50%
       • Vacuoles

2. Platelets

   • No nucleus
   • Fragment of Megakaryocyte
   • 3 steps to stop bleeding
     • 1)adhesion
     • 2)activation
     • 3)aggregation
   • concentration
     • Low: Thromcocytopenia
     • High: Thrombocytosis

3. Erythrocytes

   • Erythropoieses (build)
     • Bone Marrow
   • Eryptosis (destroy)
     • spleen
     • liver
     • lymph node
   • Stucture
     • No nucleus
     • Biconcaved disk
     • lifespan: 120 days
     • Heme = Iron+Bilirubin (yellow)
   • Delivering
     • Hemoglobin + O2 = Oxyhemoglobin (red)
     • Hemoglobin wuthout O2 = Deoxyhemoglobin (dark red)
     • Hemoglobin + CO = Carboxyhemoglobin (bright red)
   • Effects of osmolarity to RBC
   • Rouleaux formation
     • Cause: high plasma protein
     • Result: Upper erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
   • Abnormal
     • Anisocytosis
       • Macrocyte
       • Microcyte
     • Poikilocytosis
       • Hypochromasia
       • Basophilic stippling

4. Preparing thin film blood smear

   • Romanowsky dye: Wright's stain, Giemsa