Cognitive development

Cognitive development

1. General principles

   • Continuous process and in order
   • Learning + experience + social interaction
   • Hereditary and environment
   • Developmental milestone varies times

2. Piagetian approach of cognitive development

   • Sensorimotor (birth - 2)
     • Senses and actions
   • Preoperational (2 - 6)
     • Words and images
   • Concrete Operational (7 - 11)
     • Thinking logically
   • Formal Operational (12 - adulthood)
     • Abstract thoughts and hypothetical ideas
   • Concrete Operational Stage (7-11): Primary school
     • Spatial relationsips and causalty
       • Importance of experince
     • Categorization
       • Seriation
       • Transitive inferences
       • Class inclusion
     • Iinductive and deductive reasoning
       • Inductive
         • General conclussions from particular cases
         • Tentative conclusions
       • Deductive
         • Develops in adolescence
         • Premise
     • Conservation
       • identity
         • Reversibility
           • inversion
             • compensation
       • Two or more dimensions at the same time
     • Number and mathematics
       • Quantity a fraction represents
       • Count in their heads and add simple numbers
       • Solve simple problems

3. Information-processing approach

   • Executive functions
     • Conscious control of thoughts, emotions and actions
     • Simultaneous use of multiple basic functions
     • School children
       • Metacognition
     • Development of prefrontal cortex
     • Complex thinking and goal-directed planning
   • Selective attention
     • Working memory span
       • Metamemory
         • Mnemonics

4. Intelligence

   • Heredity and environment influence
   • Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences
   • Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

5. Language

   • Vocabulary, grammar and syntax
   • Pragmatics
   • Becoming literate
     • Reading and writing
     • Metacognition