Tropical lung

Tropical lung

1. Histoplasmosis

   • Microbiology
     • Histoplasma capsulatum
     • inhalation of spores
     • in soils contaminated with bird and bat faeces
     • clinical manifestations
       • Could be asymptomatic
       • in immunosuppressed it can be serious
       • acute primary histoplasmosis
         • Fever, cough, chest pain, malaise, chills Headache
       • chronic cavitary histoplasmosis
         • cough and dyspnea, lung lesions
       • progressive disseminated histoplasmosis
         • multi-organ disease
       • Diagnosis
         • Histology and cultures of blood , sputum or urine
         • Antigen research
         • tissue biopsy
         • chest x-rays
       • 3-17 days before exposure
     • mycelia

2. Paracoccidioidomycosis

   • Microbiology
     • Clinical manifestations
       • Diagnosis
         • fungal culture
         • blood test
         • chest X-ray
         • biopsy
         • histopathology
       • could be asymptomatic
       • Mucocutaneous, lymphatic and / or visceral
       • acute / subacute
         • disseminated disease
           • Weight loss, swollen lymph nodes, enlarged liver and spleen
       • Reactivation
         • Cough, fever, dyspnea, fatigue
       • may present as acute pneumonia
     • Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
     • by inhaling spores
     • Dimorphic
     • opportunistic infection

3. Coccidioidomicosis

   • Microbiology
     • Clinical manifestations
       • Diagnosis
         • Antibody or antigen test in blood
         • chest X-ray
         • biopsy
         • skin test
         • cultures
         • Microscopic examination
       • in some cases, symptoms last for weeks or months
       • 1-3 weeks before exposure
       • Primary coccidioidomycosis
         • fever, cough, chest pain, chills, sputum, odynophagia, and hemoptysis.
           • crackles, dullness, lung lesions
       • Progressive coccidioidomycosis
         • not very high fever, anorexia, loss weight and weakness, skin lesions
           • progressive cyanosis, dyspnea, and mucopurulent or bloody sputum in immunocompromised patients
     • Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii
     • inhalation of spores
     • dimorphic
   • Valley fever

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