Metals

Metals

1. 1-Metals

   • 1.1-How metals are obtained
     • Metals come from minerals which are parts of rocks. Mining is carried out in (Surface mines) if the minerals are close to the surface, or in (Underground mines) if they are deeper under the surface. In mines, the useful minerals, or ore, and the useless minerals, or gangue are together and must be separated using different physical processes. The ore is taken to an ironworks and undergoes complex physical and chemical processes.
   • 1.2-Classifying metals
     • Ferrous metals: Their main component is iron- They include pure iron, steel and cast iron. Non-ferrous metals: Their main component is not iron- They include copper, broze, aluminium and zinc.
   • 1.3-Properties of metals
     • Some characteristics are: 1-They are tough 2-They can be recycled and reused 3-They are ductile and malleable 4-They are good electrical and thermal

2. 2-Ferrous Metals

   • 2.1-Ferrous metals
     • Pure iron-The concentration of charcoal is between 0.008% and 0.03%, good magnetic properties and disadvantages: only melts at high temperature, difficult to machine. Cast iron-Between 1.76% and 6.67%, very hard and resistant. Steel-Between 0.03% and 1.76%, very hard and resistant.

3. 3-Non-Ferrous Metals

   • 3.1-Ultra-light metals
     • Metal- Magnesium: From magnesite, dolomite, olivine etc. Properties- Very light, soft and malleable
   • 3.2-Light metals
     • Metal- Aluminium and Titanium: From bauxite, rutile and ilmenite. Properties-(Aluminium)resistant to corrosion, very soft, low density and good conducting electricity (Titanium) very hard and strong.
   • 3.3-Heavy metals
     • There are a lot of heavy metals but one is Copper- From cuprite, chalcopyrite and malachite Properties-Soft, good electrical and thermal conductor,very malleavle and ductile.