Chemistry Paper 1 - separation techniques

Chemistry Paper 1 - separation techniques

1. CHROMATOGRAPHY

   • 1. Place a drop of the solution to be separated near the bottom of a piece of chromatography paper
   • 2. dip the very bottom of paper into a suitable solvent
   • 3. the solvent (liquid) moves the paper and carries the solutes (solids) in the solution with it
   • different solutes move at diff speeds, so they separate on the paper

2. FILTRATION

   • separates mixtures of insoluble (cant dissolve) solids and liquids
   • 1. pour the mixture through filter paper
   • 2. the insoluble solid is trapped
   • 3. the liquid collects in the flask and the solid is left in the filter paper

3. CRYSTALLISATION

   • separates solutions into their constituent (diff) parts : solutes , solvents
   • 1. heat the mixture so that the solvent evaporates
   • 2. eventually, crystals of the solute (dissolved solids) will form
   • 3. collect the solvent (liquid) by condensing it as it evaporates

4. SIMPLE DISTILLATION

   • separates 2 liquids with diff boiling points
   • 1. heat the mixture until the liquid with the lower boiling point starts to boil
   • 2. the vapour released passes through a condenser, where the gas cools back into a liquid

5. FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION

   • separates lots liquids with diff boiling points
   • 1. slowly heat the mixture until the liquid with the lowest boiling point and then condenses
   • 2. increase temp slowly to collect (boil then condense) the other fractions