Wake Up Dad

Wake Up Dad

1. Anatomy of URT

   • Nasal Cavity
     • Roof: cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
     • Floor: hard palate
     • Medial: midline nasal septum
     • Lateral: conchae supported by meatus
       • Inferior meatus
       • Middle meatus
       • Superior meatus
       • Spheno-ethmoidal meatus
   • Paranasal sinus
     • Sphenoidal
     • Maxillary
     • Ethmoidal
     • Frontal
   • Tongue
     • Genioglossus
     • Hyoglossus
     • Styloglossus
     • Palatoglossus
   • Pharynx
     • Nasopharynx
     • Oropharynx
     • Laryngopharynx
   • Larynx
     • External skeleton or frame (cartilage)
       • Paired
         • Arytenoid cartilage
         • Corniculate cartilage
         • Cuneiform
       • Unpaired
         • Thyroid cartilage
         • Cricoid cartilage
         • Epiglottis
     • Internal vocal cords

2. Obstructive Sleep Apnea

   • Causes
     • due to recurrent soft tissue collapse in the pharyngeal airway
   • Risk factors
     • Obesity
     • Male gender
     • Older age
     • Family history
     • Smoking
     • Nasal congestion
   • Symptoms
     • Snoring
     • Paused breathing during sleep
     • Abrupt awakening
     • Morning headaches
   • Assessment
     • Polysomnogram
       • records brain waves, oxygen level in your blood heart rate and breathing eye and leg movements
   • Complications
     • CVS problems
     • Daytime fatigue & sleepiness
     • Increased risk of vascular dementia
   • Management
     • Lifestyle
     • Sleep apnea mask
     • Surgery

3. Neurological Control of Breathing

   • Centers
     • Medullary respiratory center
       • Inspiratory (dorsal)
       • Expiratory (ventral)
     • Pons
       • Apneustic
       • Pneumotoxic
   • Receptors
     • Chemoreceptors
       • Central
       • Peripheral
     • Others
       • Lung stretch receptors
       • Joint and muscle receptors
       • Irritant receptors
       • Juxtacapillary receptors
   • Nerves
     • Afferents
       • Vagus
       • Glossopharyngeal
     • Efferents
       • Phrenic

4. Causes of snoring

   • Alcohol consumption
   • Deviated septum
   • Nasal polyps
   • Enlarged tonsils
   • Sinus congestion

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